Relationship between embryo quality and aneuploidies.

Many high-grade embryos selected for transfer according to their morphological evaluation were detected to have chromosomal abnormalities after aneuploidy screening for infertility by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The aim of this study was to detect if there is any correlation between embryo quality and genetic status. The chromosomal status of the day three embryos was studied by multicolour fluorescence in-situ hybridization for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. PGD was performed on 132 patients for 1107 embryos. The correlation between embryo quality and aneuploidy was analysed. The analysis showed that a large proportion of normal embryos (50.7%, n = 280) were grade I. In addition, a considerably high proportion of aneuploid embryos (36.1%, n = 83) were evaluated as grade I. There was a significant relationship between PGD results and embryo grades (P = 0.001). Of the 69 polyploid embryos, 21.7% were grade I and 37.8% were grade II. Of the 83 haploid embryos, 27.8% were grade I and 34.9% were grade II. Euploidy was positively related to morphological grade of embryo (P = 0.001). It was also possible for chromosomally abnormal embryos to have a good developmental potential, and they could be selected for embryo transfer unless the PGD procedure was applied.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effect of different bone quality on stress distribution in an implant-supported crown.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Primary implant stability and bone density are variables that are considered essential to achieve predictable osseointegration and long-term clinical survival of implants. Information about the influence of bone quality on stress distribution in an implant-supported crown is limited. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 different bone qualities on stress distribution in an implant-supported mandibular crown, using 3-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-D FE model of a mandibular section of bone with a missing second premolar tooth was developed, and an implant to receive a crown was developed. A solid 4.1 x 10-mm screw-type dental implant system (ITI; solid implant) and a metal-ceramic crown using Co-Cr (Wiron 99) and feldspathic porcelain were modeled. The model was developed with FE software (Pro/Engineer 2000i program), and 4 types of bone quality (D1, D2, D3, and D4) were prepared. A load of 300 N was applied in a vertical direction to the buccal cusp and distal fossa of the crowns. Optimal bone quality for an implant-supported crown was evaluated. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that von Mises stresses in D3 and D4 bone quality were 163 MPa and 180 MPa, respectively, and reached the highest values at the neck of the implant. The von Mises stress values in D1 and D2 bone quality were 150 MPa and 152 MPa, respectively, at the neck of the implant. A more homogenous stress distribution was seen in the entire bone. Conclusion For the bone qualities investigated, stress concentrations in compact bone followed the same distributions as in the D3 bone model, but because the trabecular bone was weaker and less resistant to deformation than the other bone qualities modeled, the stress magnitudes were greatest for D3 and D4 bone.

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid, interferon-alpha, and vitamin E on prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Cholestasis is one of the major complications of parenteral nutrition. The purpose of this experimental study was to detect the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), vitamin E (Vit E), and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. METHODS: Ten experimental groups, each consisting of 10 4-week-old Wistar albino rats, were formed: control 10- and 20-day groups (C10 and C20), parenteral nutrition-only 10- and 20-day groups (T10 and T20), ASA-supplemented parenteral nutrition 10- and 20-day groups (TA10 and TA20), Vit E-supplemented parenteral nutrition 10- and 20-day groups (TE10 and TE20), and IFN-alpha-supplemented 10- and 20-day groups (TF10 and TF20). Acetylsalicylic acid, Vit E, and IFN-alpha were administered in the parenteral nutrition solution through an intraperitoneal route. At the end of the study, serum total bile acids, serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were measured biochemically. In addition, the histopathologic findings of cholestasis were evaluated by using a morphologic portal inflammation index. RESULTS: Although the difference in the serum levels of transferases and alkaline phosphatase was not significant among all groups (p > 0.05), it was significant in total bile acid levels (p < 0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the histopathologic changes of the liver and serum total bile acid concentrations (p < 0.05). Portal inflammation in varying degrees was seen in all experimental groups, but not in the control groups. Serum total bile acid concentrations in parenteral nutrition groups receiving ASA were significantly lower than those in the parenteral nutrition-only group (p < 0.01). Although Vit E-supplemented parenteral nutrition was effective in preventing the development of cholestasis in the 10-day group (p < 0.05), it was not effective in the 20-day group when compared with incidence of cholestasis in the parenteral nutrition-only group (p > 0.05). Conversely, IFN-alpha-supplemented parenteral nutrition had no effect on cholestasis in the 10-day group (p > 0.05) but lowered cholestasis in the 20-day group when compared with incidence the parenteral nutrition-only group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that acetylsalicylic acid may be beneficial in preventing, and (alpha-interferon in treating, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis.