[Partial orchiectomy in testicular tumor: Surgical technique and role of intraoperatory ecography.] / Orquiectomía parcial en tumor testicular: técnica quirúrgica y papel de la ecografía intraoperatoria.

OBJECTIVES: Systematic review of the treatment of small testicular masses (STM) by testicular sparing surgery (TSS), including indications, surgical techniques and complications, as well as the correlation of the analysis of frozen sections (FSE) with the final tumor histology. As a secondary objective we report the initial experience of our center in TSS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search of the Medline/PubMed database for studies published until June 30, 2019 with the following keywords: "testis sparing surgery", "conservative surgery", "partial orquiectomy" "testicular neoplasms", "testis tumour", "Sex cord tumor", "intraoperative ultrasonography", "enucleation", "excision" or "resection" without time limits, in English and Spanish, identifying 20 articles with a total of 204 TSS, being the series with the largest sample size of 28. In our service, 8 TSS were performed in 6 patients (two bilateral tumor) distributed between 2016-2019. RESULTS: No randomized controlled trials comparing TSS with radical orchiectomy have been reported. The indications for TSS are controversial, especially for patients with normal contralateral testicles. Tumor size has been identified as an important predictor of malignant disease and although there is no approved cut-off point, STM ≤2 cm are the ones that can benefit most from TSS. The use of intraoperative ultrasound (IU) is essential for the location of STM, whether a macroscopic or microsurgical resection is being performed, helping to reduce the rate of complications of the procedure, described in < 6%. The FSE is key at the time of the TSS, discriminating between benign and malignant neoplasms, maintaining a good correlation with the final histology. CONCLUSIONS: TSS for STM allows greater preservation of healthy parenchyma, but should be performed only in selected cases and in experienced centers. The surgical technique is safe and viable, the use of the IU and the FSE of the lesion being essential to facilitate the surgical decision making.

OBJETIVO: Revisión sistemática del tratamiento de pequeñas masas testiculares (PMT) mediante cirugía conservadora testicular (CCT), incluyendo indicaciones, técnicas quirúrgicas y complicaciones, así como la correlación del examen de secciones congeladas (ESC) con la histología final tumoral. Como objetivo secundario reportamos la experiencia inicial de nuestro centro en CCT.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Búsqueda en Pubmed/Medline de estudios publicados hasta el 30 de junio de 2019 con las siguientes palabras clave: "testis sparing surgery", "conservative surgery", "partial orquiectomy" "testicular neoplasms", "testis tumour", "sex cord tumor", "intraoperative ultrasonography", "enucleation", "excision" o" resection" sin límites de tiempo, en inglés y castellano, identificándose 20 artículos con un total de 204 CCT, siendo la serie con mayor tamaño muestral de 28. En nuestro servicio se realizaron 8 CCT en 6 pacientes (dos tumores bilaterales) distribuidos entre 2016-2019. RESULTADOS: No se han informado de ensayos aleatorizados controlados que comparen CCT con orquiectomía radical. Las indicaciones para CCT son controvertidas, especialmente para pacientes con testículos contralaterales normales. Se ha identificado el tamaño tumoral como un predictor importante de enfermedad maligna y aunque no existe un punto de corte aprobado, las PMT ≤2 cm son las que más se pueden beneficiar de CCT. La utilización de ecografía intraoperatoria (EI) es esencial para la localización de PMT, ya se esté realizando una resección macroscópica o con microcirugía, ayudando a disminuir la tasa de complicaciones del procedimiento, descrita en < 6%. El ESC es clave en el momento de la CCT, discriminando entre neoplasias benignas y malignas, manteniendo una buena correlación con la histología final. CONCLUSIONES: La CCT para PMT permite mayor preservación de parénquima sano, pero debe realizarse sólo en casos seleccionados y en centros experimentados. La técnica quirúrgica es segura y viable, siendo claves la utilización de la EI y el ESC de la lesión para facilitar la decisión quirúrgica.

[Laparoscopic Boari Flap ureteral reimplantation.] / Reimplante ureteral laparoscópico con Flap de Boari.

OBJECTIVES: To report our initial experience with laparoscopic Boari flap ureteral reimplantation and to review the main technical elements in ureteral reconstructive surgery. METHODS: In a 10-year period we performed 23 laparoscopic ureteral reimplantations. Three cases required a Boari flap. Two patients presented ureteral stenosis above the iliac vessels and the third one a urothelial tumor of the pelvic ureter. RESULTS: Two cases were completed laparoscopically; the third one was electively converted to open surgery to avoid prolonged OR time. Mean operative time was 276 minutes (270-290 min). There were no intraoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 6.6 days. One patient presented postoperative UTI (Clavien 2). One patient developed with history of sever arteriopathy and aortorenal by pass developed ureteral stenosis proximal to the ureteral reimplantation eight months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Boari flap ureteral reimplantation is an affective technique for ureteral reconstruction, safe and reproducible, reserved for cases of ureteral pathology in which the distance to bridge between the bladder and the ureteral stump is long.

Reimplante ureteral laparoscópico con Flap de Boari / Laparoscopic Boari Flap ureteral reimplantation

OBJETIVO: Presentamos nuestra experiencia inicial con el flap de Boari laparoscópico y revisamos los principales recursos quirúrgicos de la cirugía reconstructiva del uréter. MÉTODOS: En un periodo de 10 años hemos realizado 23 reimplantes ureterales laparoscópicos de los que 3 requirieron la utilización de un flap de Boari. En dos casos se trataba de estenosis ureterales por encima de los vasos iliacos, en el tercero un tumor ureteral. RESULTADOS: Dos de los tres casos se completaron por vía laparoscópica. El caso del tumor ureteral se convirtió de forma electiva para evitar la prolongación del tiempo quirúrgico. El tiempo medio de operación fue de 276 minutos (270-290 min). No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. La estancia media fue de 6,6 días. Uno de los pacientes presentó una infección urinaria después del alta, tratada con antibióticos orales (Clavien 2). Uno de los pacientes, con una arteriopatía aortoiliaca severa y by pass aortorenal previo presentó estenosis ureteral proximal al reimplante a los ocho meses de la cirugía, requiriendo colocación de un stent ureteral. CONCLUSIONES: El flap de Boari laparoscópico es una técnica eficaz para la reconstrucción del uréter, reproducible y segura, reservada para los casos de patología ureteral en los que la distancia a salvar entre la vejiga y el extremo ureteral es larga

OBJECTIVES: To report our initial experience with laparoscopic Boari flap ureteral reimplantation and to review the main technical elements in ureteral reconstructive surgery. METHODS: In a 10-year period we performed 23 laparoscopic ureteral reimplantations. Three cases required a Boari flap. Two patients presented ureteral stenosis above the iliac vessels and the third one a urothelial tumor of the pelvic ureter.RESULTS: Two cases were completed laparoscopically; the third one was electively converted to open surgery to avoid prolonged OR time. Mean operative time was 276 minutes (270-290 min). There were no intraoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 6.6 days One patient presented postoperative UTI (Clavien 2). One patient developed with history of sever arteriopathy and aortorenal by pass developed ureteral stenosis proximal to the ureteral reimplantation eight months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: : Laparoscopic Boari flap ureteral reimplantation is an affective technique for ureteral reconstruction, safe and reproducible, reserved for cases of ureteral pathology in which the distance to bridge between the bladder and the ureteral stump is long