Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging ; 307: 111207, 2021 01 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33168330

ABSTRACT

Genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor (OTR) have been linked to distinct social phenotypes, psychiatric disorders and brain volume alterations in adults. However, to date, it is unknown how OTR genotype shapes prenatal brain development and whether it interacts with maternal prenatal environmental risk factors on infant brain volumes. In 105 Finnish mother-infant dyads (44 female, 11-54 days old), the association of offspring OTR genotype rs53576 and its interaction with prenatal maternal anxiety (revised Symptom Checklist 90, gestational weeks 14, 24, 34) on infant bilateral amygdalar, hippocampal and caudate volumes were probed. A sex-specific main effect of rs53576 on infant left hippocampal volumes was observed. In boys compared to girls, left hippocampal volumes were significantly larger in GG-homozygotes compared to A-allele carriers. Furthermore, genotype rs53576 and prenatal maternal anxiety significantly interacted on right hippocampal volumes irrespective of sex. Higher maternal anxiety was associated both with larger hippocampal volumes in A-allele carriers than GG-homozygotes, and, though statistically weak, also with smaller right caudate volumes in GG-homozygotes than A-allele carriers. Our study results suggest that OTR genotype enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in male GG-homozygotes. Further, prenatal maternal anxiety might induce brain alterations that render GG-homozygotes compared to A-allele carriers more vulnerable to depression.


Subject(s)
Oxytocin , Receptors, Oxytocin , Adult , Anxiety/diagnostic imaging , Anxiety/genetics , Female , Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Pregnancy , Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics
2.
Cereb Cortex ; 30(12): 6121-6134, 2020 11 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32676648

ABSTRACT

Psychiatric disease susceptibility partly originates prenatally and is shaped by an interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. A recent study has provided preliminary evidence that an offspring polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (PRS-MDD), based on European ancestry, interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (GxE) on neonatal right amygdalar (US and Asian cohort) and hippocampal volumes (Asian cohort). However, to date, this GxE interplay has only been addressed by one study and is yet unknown for a European ancestry sample. We investigated in 105 Finnish mother-infant dyads (44 female, 11-54 days old) how offspring PRS-MDD interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, gestational weeks 14, 24, 34) on infant amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. We found a GxE effect on right amygdalar volumes, significant in the main analysis, but nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction and some of the control analyses, whose direction paralleled the US cohort findings. Additional exploratory analyses suggested a sex-specific GxE effect on right hippocampal volumes. Our study is the first to provide support, though statistically weak, for an interplay of offspring PRS-MDD and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms on infant limbic brain volumes in a cohort matched to the PRS-MDD discovery sample.


Subject(s)
Amygdala/pathology , Depression , Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics , Maternal Behavior , Amygdala/diagnostic imaging , Child Development , Female , Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging , Hippocampus/pathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Multifactorial Inheritance , White People/genetics , White People/psychology
3.
Brain Struct Funct ; 224(1): 501-513, 2019 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30390153

ABSTRACT

Information on normal brain structure and development facilitates the recognition of abnormal developmental trajectories and thus needs to be studied in more detail. We imaged 68 healthy infants aged 2-5 weeks with high-resolution structural MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and investigated hemispheric asymmetry as well as the associations of various total and lobar brain volumes with infant age and sex. We found similar hemispheric asymmetry in both sexes, seen as larger volumes of the right temporal lobe, and of the left parietal and occipital lobes. The degree of asymmetry did not vary with age. Regardless of controlling for gestational age, gray and white matter had different age-related growth patterns. This is a reflection of gray matter growth being greater in the first years, while white matter growth extends into early adulthood. Sex-dependent differences were seen in gray matter as larger regional absolute volumes in males and as larger regional relative volumes in females. Our results are in line with previous studies and expand our understanding of infant brain development.


Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/growth & development , Child Development , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Organ Size , Predictive Value of Tests , Sex Characteristics , Sex Factors
5.
Mol Psychiatry ; 21(8): 1057-62, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26460230

ABSTRACT

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies suggest opioidergic system dysfunction in morbid obesity, while evidence for the role of the dopaminergic system is less consistent. Whether opioid dysfunction represents a state or trait in obesity remains unresolved, but could be assessed in obese subjects undergoing weight loss. Here we measured brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability in 16 morbidly obese women twice-before and 6 months after bariatric surgery-using PET with [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride. Data were compared with those from 14 lean control subjects. Receptor-binding potentials (BPND) were compared between the groups and between the pre- and postoperative scans among the obese subjects. Brain MOR availability was initially lower among obese subjects, but weight loss (mean=26.1 kg, s.d.=7.6 kg) reversed this and resulted in ~23% higher MOR availability in the postoperative versus preoperative scan. Changes were observed in areas implicated in reward processing, including ventral striatum, insula, amygdala and thalamus (P's<0.005). Weight loss did not influence D2R availability in any brain region. Taken together, the endogenous opioid system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of human obesity. Because bariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss recover downregulated MOR availability, lowered MOR availability is associated with an obese phenotype and may mediate excessive energy uptake. Our results highlight that understanding the opioidergic contribution to overeating is critical for developing new treatments for obesity.


Subject(s)
Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism , Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism , Adult , Bariatric Surgery , Brain/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Female , Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Middle Aged , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Receptors, Dopamine D2/physiology , Receptors, Opioid/metabolism , Receptors, Opioid/physiology , Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology , Weight Loss
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...