The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Hyaluronic Acid on Perforation of Nasal Septum.

BACKGROUND: Conservative approaches and surgical methods have been tried for the treatment of nasal septum perforations (NSPs), but a satisfactory method has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in repairing NSPs, which were experimentally created in rabbit septum. METHODS: A total of 36 white New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. Perforations measuring 0.7 × 0.7 cm were created in their nasal septa. No additional intervention was made to the control group, which was the first group. For the second, third, and fourth groups, respectively, HA, PRF, and HA + PRF were used in the NSP region. Macroscopic and histopathological evaluations were performed after 40 days. RESULTS: In the first group, closure was observed in none of the rabbits' NSPs. In the second group, 6 rabbits (66.7%) had full closure in their NSPs. In the third group, the NSP of 6 rabbits (66.7%) was completely closed. In the fourth group, the NSP of 7 rabbits (77.8%) had full closure. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant closure was achieved with PRF and/or HA in rabbits in which NSP was established. These materials can be used to increase the likelihood of perforations closing.

Inhibitory effect of mesna and 5-fluorouracil on propylene glycol-induced cholesteatoma in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of different doses of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (MESNA) and 5-fluorouracil on cholesteatoma formation. METHODS: Fifty-six Wistar albino male rats were divided into seven groups with eight rats in each. On the first, eighth and fifteenth days, 0.2 ml of saline was administered to the group 1 (control group), and propylene glycol to induce cholesteatoma the other groups. On the 22nd day of the study, 0.2 ml saline was given to Group 1 and Group 2. Groups 3 to 7 were treated with 0.2 ml 100% MESNA, 0.2 ml 50% MESNA, 0.2 ml 20% MESNA, 0.2 ml 5-fluorouracil and 0.1 ml 100% MESNA plus 0.1 ml 5-fluorouracil, respectively, with all applications performed by intratympanic injection. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between Group 1 and all other groups except Group 3. Significant differences were also found between Group 3 and Groups 2, 5 and 6 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, experimental cholesteatoma induced with propylene glycol may be inhibited by MESNA at 100% concentration.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a 22-year study.

OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively investigated whether there is a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma and studied the effect of HT on prognostic factors. METHODS: 1080 patients, who underwent thyroidectomy in our hospital and received a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, were included in the study. In histopathological specimens, the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was reconfirmed and non-neoplastic areas in the same specimen were evaluated in terms of HT. RESULTS: HT was detected in non-neoplastic areas of specimens in 36.1% (n = 390) of 1080 patients with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma whereas HT was not observed in 63.9% (n = 690). There was a significant positive correlation between presence of HT and multifocal location (p < 0.05, χ2 = 38.5). There was no significant relationship between extrathyroidal tissue invasion and HT (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We assume that patients with HT developing papillary thyroid carcinoma have an increased risk of having multifocal tumour, and thus surgical intervention should be tailored according to this risk.

Are long-term auditory results following ossiculoplasty with bone cement as successful as early-middle period results?

PURPOSE: Bone-cement (BC) ossiculoplasty is one of the options to solve ossicular chain problems. Many authors reported successful results in the early or mid-follow-up period; however, there is no long-term result in the literature. We aim to evaluate long term results of BC ossiculoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients who underwent BC ossiculoplasty as incudostapedial re-bridging by the same surgeon were invited to evaluation. Postoperative otomicroscopic examination was performed. Pre-operative and post-operative audiological results after longer follow up and graft success rate were noted. RESULTS: Fourteen patients came for control examination. The follow-up period was between 87 and 135 months (mean 102 months). None of the patients had graft failure. Ten patients had early postoperative follow-up results (between 10 and 52; mean 24 months). In the comparison of preoperative and early postoperative air-bone gap, there were significant differences in all frequencies while the comparison of preoperative and long-term postoperative results showed a significant difference only in 250 and 500 Hz. Early postoperative results were better than late with significant difference only in the 2000 and 4000 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: As reported by many studies, bone cement application provides a significant auditory improvement in the early postoperative period. The results of the present study showed that this early auditory success may decrease over time with a long-term follow-up. Further studies should be conducted with larger patient groups to clarify the long-term benefits of this treatment and possible causes for its deterioration.

Diagnostic value of preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology in parotid gland tumors.

BACKGROUND: Salivary gland masses constitute a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from non-neoplastic to benign and malignant lesions. Parotid is the largest salivary gland and constitutes 75% to 80% of all salivary gland areas. 80% of parotid lesions are benign and 20% are malignant. METHODS: Two-hundred and eight-six patients who underwent aspiration cytology in the pathology laboratory between January 1995 and January 2019, evaluated with a sufficient sample and diagnosed, and subsequently underwent surgical treatment were included in the study. RESULTS: 47.9% (137) of the patients were female and 52.1% (149) were male. The mean age was 58 years (range: 38-84 years). 13 (4.54%) of the cases were evaluated as non-diagnostic, 12 (4.1%) as atypia of undetermined significance, 196 (68.5%) as benign neoplasm, 43 (15%) as suspicious for malignancy, and 22 (7.86%) were evaluated as malignant. In the histopathological examination of the samples prepared from surgical specimens of 13 non-diagnostic cases, seven (53.8%) cases were reported as Warthin tumors, four (30.7%) as pleomorphic adenomas, and two (15.5%) were reported as lymph nodes with intraparotid localization. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the parotid gland is difficult due to the rarity of malignant salivary gland neoplasms, the diversity of carcinoma types, and the similarity of cytologic findings of benign tumors and low-grade carcinomas. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative FNAC is high for benign tumors and low for malignant tumors.

Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19? An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients presenting with only sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHNL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The study included five male patients who presented with the sole complaint of unilateral SSNHL to the otolaryngology outpatient clinic between 03-12 April 2020. The patients were referred to the infectious diseases clinic to be evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. RESULTS: RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in one of the patients and negative in the other four patients. A positive response to COVID-19-specific treatment in the SARS-CoV-2 positive SSNHL patient was noted. CONCLUSION: It should be remembered that non-specific symptoms such as SSNHL could be the only sign with which to recognize a COVID-19 case. Awareness of such a non-specific presentation of COVID-19 patients is crucial during this pandemic period for preventing infectious spread through isolation and early initiation of COVID-19 targeted treatment.

Ossicular chain erosion in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma or granulation tissue or without those: analysis of 915 cases.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ossicular chain erosions (OCE) in chronic otitis media patients with cholesteatoma (COM-C) or without cholesteatoma (COM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The OCE and preoperative hearing levels of a total of 915 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into three groups. Of the 915 patients, 615 (67.2%) had COM, 234 (25.6%) had COM-C, and 66 (7.2%) had chronic otitis media with granulation tissue (COM-G). RESULTS: OCE was found in 291 (31.8%) of 915 patients. OCE was found in 192 (82%) of 234 patients with COM-C, 21 (31.8%) of 66 patients with COM-G, and 78 (12.7%) of 615 patients with COM. CONCLUSION: The most commonly seen OCE was incus erosion, followed by stapes and malleus erosions. The results of this study show that there are more OCE in the COM-C group than in the COM-G and COM groups. To our knowledge, this study has the widest patient population in the literature focused on the OCE relation with COM, COM-C, and COM-G and its effect on the preoperative hearing level.

Tympanogram Findings in Hemodialysis Patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate whether changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure during the hemodialysis (HD) treatment are reflected on tympanometric measurements. METHODS: The study was performed on 24 HD patients. The static compliance and absorbance values of the patients before and after HD were measured using a wideband tympanometry. The tympanogram tests were performed immediately before and at the end of the HD session. RESULTS: The static compliance values of the patients after HD were significantly lower than those before HD. This decrease significantly correlated with the adequacy of dialysis determined by urea reduction rate and Kt/V. The absorbance values showed a decrease in the band 343 and 727 Hz, but no significant difference was found in other frequencies. The static admittance and absorbance values were influenced by the HD process. DISCUSSION: This influence might be due to the increase in CSF pressure as a result of the removal of urea from blood during HD session.

Facial canal dehiscence rate: a retrospective analysis of 372 chronic otitis media cases.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the rate and location of facial canal dehiscence (FCD) observed during surgery for chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Operative details of 1296 patients who underwent chronic otitis media surgery from January 2000 to January 2017 by the same surgeon were included in this retrospective study focusing on intraoperative observations of FCD. RESULTS: Because of the type of the surgery, the Fallopian canal could not be seen completely, so 924 of the cases which only involved performing a tympanoplasty were not included in the study. A total of 372 patients (196 males and 176 females) who had a canal wall down (CWD) or canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy were included in the study. A CWD mastoidectomy was performed on 250 patients, while 122 patients underwent a CWU mastoidectomy. The prevalence of FCD was 11.29% (42/372 patients). The dehiscence was more common in patients with cholesteatoma (n = 37; 88.1%) than those with non-cholesteatoma (n = 5; 11.9%). The tympanic segment (n = 32; 76.19%) was the most common location for FCD. When we compared the ossicular erosion results of the cases that had FCD, erosion in three ossicles together was more statistically significantly frequent than the other possibilities. CONCLUSION: It is possible to see FCD because of COM, especially with cholesteatoma. FCD is most commonly seen around the oval window. If stapes or all three ossicles are eroded, the surgeons must be more careful regarding FCD to be more effective in preventing facial nerve damage.