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1.
Vet Microbiol ; 286: 109876, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37776630

ABSTRACT

Twelve Staphylococcus borealis strains, isolated in Canada and Poland from milk of cows with intramammary infections, were characterized phenotypically (biochemical reactions on ID 32 STAPH and Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays™ PM1 and PM2A, ability of biofilm production) and genotypically (random amplified polymorphic DNA). In addition, a genomic comparison was done with S. borealis strains of human and porcine origin using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique. The bovine isolates showed a high degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity, however, they could be differentiated from human strains by the negative test for urease (found in all but one bovine isolate examined with ID 32 STAPH) and positive reaction for D-galactose (on Biolog phenotype microarray PM1) and D-lactose (on both commercial systems). The MLST method, utilizing six concatenated genes of the total length of ∼2930 bp, revealed that bovine strains (irrespective of the country of origin) show a distinctly greater degree of mutual relationship than to the strains of human and porcine origin, suggesting that S. borealis has evolved independently in these hosts. In conclusion, bovine-specific S. borealis can be involved in intramammary infections in cattle.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Mastitis, Bovine , Staphylococcal Infections , Swine Diseases , Humans , Female , Animals , Cattle , Swine , Staphylococcus/genetics , Multilocus Sequence Typing/veterinary , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Milk
2.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 31(4): 523-530, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31006359

ABSTRACT

We compared the effectiveness of various methods for the identification of Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus isolated from intramammary infections of cows on 3 dairy farms in Lower Silesia, Poland. A total of 131 isolates belonging to 18 Staphylococcus species were identified by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and dnaJ genes, as well using a commercial identification system (ID 32 STAPH; bioMérieux) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS; Bruker Daltonics). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was found to have low discriminatory value because only 43% of isolates were recognized unequivocally. Much better results were obtained with the dnaJ gene (all isolates were correctly identified at the species level). However, some of these isolates achieved a low similarity level (<97%) and required a confirmatory test (sequencing of the rpoB gene). The performance of ID 32 STAPH was poor. Regardless of the probability level used (80% or 90%), the commercial system obtained identification rates <40%. Using MALDI-TOF MS and the commercial Bruker database, 67% of isolates were identified correctly with scores ≥2.0 (acceptable species-level identification) but this number increased to 97% after the database was expanded. The definitive identification of Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus causing intramammary infections in cattle often requires a combination of different procedures, and the existing databases should be updated.


Subject(s)
Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/veterinary , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Staphylococcus/classification , Staphylococcus/genetics , Animals , Cattle , Female , Genotype , Humans , Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology , Poland/epidemiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
3.
Viruses ; 10(2)2018 02 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29462983

ABSTRACT

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are members of the family Flaviviridae which, natural life cycles involve mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission. Both represent emerging viruses in Europe with potential to cause neuroinvasive disease in humans. This study investigates the seroprevalence of serum neutralizing antibodies to WNV and to USUV in birds and in horses in Poland. Antibodies against WNV and USUV were detected in 5 (35.7%) and in 1 (7.14%) of 14 birds and in 62 (15.08%) and in 115 (27.98%) of 411 horses, respectively. Twenty-one WNV serologically positive horses (33.87%) and 67 USUV serologically positive horses (58.26%) did not travel outside Polish borders. Given the high abundance of potentially competent mosquito species in Poland, high populations of horses and different bird species, our findings highlight implementation of active control programs, including monitoring of geographic spread and dynamics of WNV and USUV transmission in both primary and accidental hosts. It is also important to improve public health awareness about the disease these viruses may cause.


Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Bird Diseases/virology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/virology , West Nile Fever/veterinary , West Nile virus , Animals , Bird Diseases/immunology , Child, Preschool , Horse Diseases/immunology , Horses , Humans , Poland/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , West Nile virus/immunology
4.
Vet Microbiol ; 214: 28-35, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29408029

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to describe a novel subpopulation of Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from intramammary gland infections (IMI) in cattle. In total, eight isolates originating from milk samples from two unrelated dairy farms were examined phenotypically (using the ID 32 STAPH system) and genotypically. These isolates had almost identical sequences of each of the housekeeping genes examined (dnaJ, rpoB and sodA) but these sequences displayed similarity of only ∼92.5%, 95.0% and 96.8%, respectively, with known S. haemolyticus sequences. The atypical isolates could also be distinguished biochemically by the positive ß-galactosidase test (with 2-naphthyl-ß-d-galactopyranoside as the substrate). All the isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus upon MALDI-TOF analysis but half of them, that achieved scores 1.7-1.999 (not reliable species identification), required expanding the commercial database for secure identification. Our study has shown that IMI in cattle may be caused by two distinct subpopulations of S. haemolyticus, differing clearly by some genotypic and phenotypic properties. The first of these subpopulations seems to be common to many hosts (including humans), whereas the second (possibly at the subspecies rank) is, so far, found only in cattle.


Subject(s)
Inflammation/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/genetics , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/isolation & purification , Animals , Cattle , Dairying , Female , Genotype , Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Phenotype , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/classification
5.
J Vet Res ; 61(2): 211-215, 2017 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29978075

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The transition period is the most challenging time for dairy cattle, which is characterised not only by negative energy balance but also by fatty tissue mobilisation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The efficiency of energy pathways, ß-oxidation in WBC and glycolysis in RBC (based on deoxyglucose transmembrane transport) were estimated. Insulin in blood plasma was determined using ELISA. RESULTS: After calving and up to one month after delivery, a significant drop in blood plasma level was noticed, simultaneously with a rise in ß-oxidation from 18.93 ±3.64 to 30.32 ±5.28 pmol/min/mg protein in WBC. A strong negative correlation between these two indices (r = -0.68) was found. During the period of transition to lactation an increase in glucose cross-membrane transportation from 41.44 ±4.92 to 50.49 ±6.41 µmol/h/g Hb was observed. A strong positive correlation between glucose transportation in RBC and ß-oxidation in WBC (r = 0.71) was noticed. These data are in agreement with results of studies on dairy cows using liver slices from dairy cows in late pregnancy and different stages of lactation, in which changes in gene expression were analysed. CONCLUSION: It seems that measuring fatty acids oxidation and glycolysis using isolated blood cells may be an adequate and relatively simple method for energy state analysis to estimate the state of dairy cow metabolism and animal health.

6.
Vet Microbiol ; 182: 163-9, 2016 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26711044

ABSTRACT

The present paper is a case-report of multiple udder infections in a dairy herd caused by Staphylococcus microti. Over a 22-month period, eleven S. microti isolates from milk samples from 9 cows were collected. The animals experienced subclinical (with one exception) intramammary infections with a high self-cure rate. The identification of the microorganism was carried out by means of two independent approaches: nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, as well as some housekeeping genes (sodA, rpoB, dnaJ), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. All S. microti isolates belonged to an apparently single clone (as detected by the RAPD analysis), indicating that the microorganism could adapt, to some degree, to the bovine mammary gland or even spread from cow to cow in a contagious manner. This report is, to our knowledge, the first ever case of bovine mastitis caused by S. microti and the first instance of isolation of this microorganism from domesticated animals.


Subject(s)
Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Animals , Base Sequence , Cattle , Female , Molecular Sequence Data , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus/genetics
7.
J Dairy Sci ; 98(10): 7090-6, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26233445

ABSTRACT

Bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus canis is relatively rare. Consequently, many epidemiologic aspects of the infection, including factors that mediate crossing of host species barriers by the pathogen, infectiousness of the microorganism to the mammary gland, and the course of the disease within a herd, are still not elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe results of a 15-mo observation of subclinical Strep. canis mastitis on a dairy farm housing 76 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. Upon 3 visits to the farm during a period between April 2013 and June 2014, Strep. canis was cultured from milk samples of 17 (22.4% of the herd), 7 (9.6%), and 8 (11.3%) cows, respectively. The isolates obtained were characterized phenotypically by means of the API Strep identification kit (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), as well as genetically by using random amplified polymorphic DNA and macrorestriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All strains displayed the same biochemical features, and the molecular methods revealed that the isolates belonged to a single clone or were very closely related. Results of the study indicate that Strep. canis is capable of causing intramammary infections of long duration, behaving in a contagious manner. Because a persistently infected cow may serve as the source of Strep. canis infection for other animals, effective control of this type of udder infection within a herd may require similar measures to those adopted in Streptococcus agalactiae eradication programs.


Subject(s)
Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Female , France , Lactation , Mammary Glands, Animal , Mastitis, Bovine/prevention & control , Milk , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Streptococcus/classification , Streptococcus/genetics , Streptococcus/isolation & purification
8.
Acta Histochem ; 116(2): 377-81, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24139689

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the Sildenafil citrate on the blood flow in the uterus of cows during dioestrus. Uterine blood flow was examined in five, healthy, adult cows. Between day 6-8 of the ovarian cycle, each cow received 200mg of sildenafil diluted in 10ml of warm saline into the body of the uterus. Analysis of the blood pressure, ECG and the maximum velocity in m/s (V max) in the aorta was performed and selected parameters of the blood flow (PI, pulsatile index; RI, resistance index; SPV, systolic peak velocity; EDV, end diastolic velocity; FVI, flow velocity integral; SV/DV, systolic peak velocity: end-diastolic velocity ratio) were measured in the uterine artery (Arteria uterine) before and after sildenafil infusion. In addition, Color Doppler examination of the uterine wall perfusion was analyzed. A significant decrease of values of PI and SV/DV ratio as well as an increase of end diastolic velocity and time averaged maximum velocity was noted. With the use of color coded sonography, the increased intensity of the blood flow in the uterine wall was observed. It was concluded that intrauterine administration of sildenafil during dioestrus can increase uterine tissue perfusion.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Luteal Phase/drug effects , Menstrual Cycle , Piperazines/pharmacology , Sulfones/pharmacology , Uterus/drug effects , Animals , Cattle , Female , Purines/pharmacology , Sildenafil Citrate , Uterus/blood supply
9.
Theriogenology ; 75(9): 1623-9, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21396693

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to perform flow cytometric analysis of C11-BODIPY581/591 oxidation in fowl and geese sperm as a marker for membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and to establish if the cryopreservation process would make sperm membranes more susceptible to oxidative stress. The experiment was carried out on 10 meat type line Flex roosters and 10 White Koluda® geese. The semen was collected two times a week, by dorso-abdominal massage method and pooled from 10 individuals of each species. Fowl semen samples were subjected to cryopreservation using the "pellet" method and Dimethylacetamide (DMA) as a cryoprotectant. Geese semen samples were cryopreserved in plastic straws in a programmable freezing unit with Dimethyloformamide (DMF) as the cryoprotectant. A fluorescent lipid probe C11-BODIPY581/591 provided with two double bonds that are oxidized during their contact with ROS, was used for the purpose of the assessment of the LPO in freshly diluted semen samples and frozen-thawed semen samples. This probe changes its color according to its state (non peroxidized: red; peroxidized: green). Flow cytometric analysis was used to monitor these changes. The White Koluda® geese fresh semen had a higher level of LPO than the Flex fresh semen (P > 0.01). The cryopreservation of fowl semen significantly (P > 0.01) increased the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa with lipid peroxidation. In frozen-thawed semen of White Koluda® geese the percentage of live spermatozoa with LPO significantly decreased (P > 0.05) whereas significantly (P > 0.01) higher level of dead cells with LPO was observed. There were significant differences between the two studied species. After thawing, the percentage of live and dead spermatozoa with lipid peroxidation was higher in fowl semen than in geese semen (P > 0.01). In conclusion, our data clearly indicate the existence of species specific differences in susceptibility of spermatozoa to the oxidation of PUFAs in the cell membranes, where such oxidation is caused by cryopreservation. This study shows that avian spermatozoa are vulnerable to radicals and frozenthawed sperm have higher level of LPO than fresh sperm. According to our observation, fowl semen is more susceptible to LPO than geese semen.


Subject(s)
Chickens , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Geese , Lipid Peroxidation , Spermatozoa/metabolism , Acetamides , Animals , Boron Compounds/analysis , Flow Cytometry/veterinary , Male , Species Specificity
10.
Med Dosw Mikrobiol ; 57(4): 369-75, 2005.
Article in Polish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16773830

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to determine if cattle from the region of Lower Silesia is the reservoir of shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains (STEC) and the analysis of virulence factors of isolated STEC strains. The ability of tested animal strains to shiga toxin synthesis was analysed in cytotoxicity assay in vitro on Vero cell line and then confirmed by detection of shiga toxin-encoding genes by PCR. STEC strains were isolated from 12 (15,2%) of animals examined, 21,4% of these strains were obtained from 9 of 42 calves, and 8,1% from 3 of 37 cows. Most of STEC isolated (75%) was enterohemolysin-producing. The cattle from the region of Lower Silesia is the reservoir of pathogenic for humans sorbitol-fermenting non-O157 STEC strains.


Subject(s)
Cattle/microbiology , Disease Reservoirs/microbiology , Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification , Animals , Escherichia coli O157/classification , Escherichia coli O157/genetics , Escherichia coli O157/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli Proteins , Feces/microbiology , Genes, Bacterial , Poland , Shiga Toxin/biosynthesis , Species Specificity , Virulence
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