Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings.

Objective: Determine the effects of animal assisted interactions (AAI) on activity and stress response in pediatric acute care settings. Design: Randomized treatment control design. Setting: Inpatient pediatric acute care units (PICU, CVICU and Hematology/Oncology). Patients: Eighty pediatric inpatients (49% male) age 2-19 years. Intervention: The AAI experimental group patients interacted with therapy dog teams for 5-10 min and the comparison group patients continued their current activity without an AAI visit. Measurement and results: Salivary cortisol, activity level, and mood were assessed before and after AAI. AAI was associated with a decrease in cortisol levels and increases in mood and activity. Conclusion: AAI benefits children in pediatric acute care units.

Morbidity of pediatric dog bites: a case series at a level one pediatric trauma center.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric dog bite injuries are common and vary in severity. We sought to characterize predisposing factors, required interventions, and morbidity. METHODS: A prospective clinical database at a level one pediatric trauma center was reviewed for dog bite injuries over 74 consecutive months ending December 2013. This included all patients brought in by ambulance and/or seen by the trauma team. RESULTS: Of 650 dog bite incidents, 282 met the criteria for inclusion in the trauma database. Median age was 5 years (range, 2 months to 17 years) and 55% (154/282) of patients were male. Pit bulls were most frequently responsible, accounting for 39% (83/213) of incidents in which dog breed was documented. Fifty-three percent (150/282) of dogs belonged to the patient's immediate or extended family. Sixty-nine percent (194/282) of patients required operative intervention: 76% laceration repairs, 14% tissue transfers, and 2% neurosurgical interventions. The most severe injuries were depressed skull fractures, intracranial hemorrhage, laryngotracheal transection, and bilateral orchiectomy. Median length of stay was 1 day (range, 0 to 25 days). There were no mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric dog bites span a wide range of ages, frequently require operative intervention, and can cause severe morbidity. Dog familiarity did not confer safety, and in this series, Pit bulls were most frequently responsible. These findings have great relevance for child safety. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Pediatric dog bites are common and can vary in severity from superficial wounds to life-threatening injuries. Dog familiarity may confer a false sense of safety. A national dog bite prevention and education campaign should be developed with the goal of decreasing the incidence of pediatric dog bites.