ABSTRACT
Multi-centred research studies provide an evidence base to guide nursing practice. However, little has been written about the processes involved in setting up such projects. This article draws on literature to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of multi-centred research studies as well as identifying areas that require particular consideration during the planning stages. The authors reflect on their own experience of submitting a multi-centred research study for funding, outlining the problems encountered and key elements of successful collaboration.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Nursing Research/organization & administration , Research Design , Research Personnel/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Cooperative Behavior , Ethics Committees, Research , Evidence-Based Medicine/organization & administration , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods , Organizational Culture , Peer Review, Research , Planning Techniques , Research Support as Topic/organization & administration , United KingdomABSTRACT
AIM: The aim of the study was to identify nurse educators' and nurse managers' perceptions of the educational needs of children's nurses in relation to pain management. RATIONALE: Children continue to suffer unnecessary pain during hospitalization. This has been attributed, in part, to inadequate education among paediatric nurses with a number of studies demonstrating that nursing curricula need re-evaluating with respect to the content relating to pain management. In order to equip nurses to manage pain within clinical practice nurse education needs to provide them with the knowledge and skills required. It is apparent that nurse education is currently failing students in this regard. In order to evaluate nursing curricula with respect to pain management it is necessary for there to be a degree of consensus, among paediatric nurses, regarding appropriate content. METHODOLOGY: A two-round Delphi study was used to ascertain the appropriate pain content for pre-registration child branch courses. When undertaking a Delphi study a number of 'experts' in the field are identified, who complete a series of questionnaires. The first round is used to generate ideas, which are reconsidered in subsequent rounds (Hicks 1999, Reid 1988). Following analysis of the responses to each questionnaire anonymous feedback is sent to the respondents together with the next questionnaire (Walker 1994). Participants were either senior nurse educators or senior nurse managers. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found within the two groups as well as between the educators' and managers' rankings for the 14 categories identified. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that nurse educators and nurse managers have similar views about the pain management knowledge they would expect a newly qualified child branch nurse to have. The list of appropriate pain content derived from the results of this study provides a useful tool with which to evaluate the content of child branch curricula.
Subject(s)
Curriculum , Pain Measurement/nursing , Pain/nursing , Pediatric Nursing/education , Task Performance and Analysis , Delphi Technique , England , Faculty, Nursing , Humans , Nursing, SupervisoryABSTRACT
To test the hypothesis that educational deficits are in part responsible for the low priority given to pain management by nurses, a study was carried out to ascertain the pain content in the Common Foundation Programme (CFP) and the four branches of pre-registration diploma nursing courses in England. Questionnaires were sent to branch co-ordinators at all the institutions (n = 47) in England which provide the three year pre-registration nursing diploma courses. Results indicate that while child and adult branch programmes cover a wide breadth of topics in on average less than 10 hours. Learning disabilities branch and mental health branch programmes have minimal pain content. These results suggest that there is superficial coverage of the topic. There is need to re-evaluate the teaching of pain in pre-registration nursing courses if pain and its management are to be adequately covered prior to qualification. These results may also have implications for patient welfare and are discussed in this context.
Subject(s)
Curriculum , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration , Pain/nursing , Pediatric Nursing/education , Adult , Child , England , HumansSubject(s)
Pain Measurement/standards , Pain/nursing , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Phlebotomy/nursing , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Pain/diagnosisSubject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/complications , Pain/diagnosis , Pain/prevention & control , Adolescent , Child , Communication Barriers , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Nursing Assessment/methods , Pain/etiology , Pain/psychology , Pain Measurement/methods , Pediatric Nursing/methodsABSTRACT
Literature suggests that nurses do not prioritize pain management. This study aimed to determine the importance paediatric nurses give to pain management and whether they report a need for further training. Paediatric nurses completed a training needs analysis questionnaire. Analysis demonstrates that nurses do not give pain management as high a priority as many of the other aspects of their role. Educational deficits about some areas of pain management were identified. Educational provision about pain needs re-evaluating at both the pre- and post-registration level.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , Nursing Staff/education , Nursing Staff/psychology , Pain/nursing , Pain/prevention & control , Pediatric Nursing/education , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Adult , Child , Clinical Competence/standards , Education, Nursing, Continuing , Female , Humans , Inservice Training , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Doctors and nurses tend not to approach children according to their developmental level. Children develop an understanding of illness and of the cause and effect of pain that reflects Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Until nurses begin routinely to consider a child's developmental level when assessing pain, children will continue to suffer unnecessary pain and anxiety.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Cognition , Pain , Perception , Child , Humans , Pain MeasurementSubject(s)
Attitude to Health , Child Development , Cognition , Pain/psychology , Psychology, Child , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
Children cannot always articulate the level of pain they are experiencing, and need to be assessed carefully. The final article in this three-part series discusses a number of pain assessment tools available to help nurses caring for children in pain.
Subject(s)
Pain Measurement , Pain/nursing , Acute Disease , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Child , Humans , Pain/prevention & control , Pediatric NursingABSTRACT
Children are still enduring unnecessary pain, partly due to misconceptions about pain in children. Nurses need to be aware of these misconceptions and to reflect on their own practice. There are a number of factors that influence how nurses perceive pain in children. Nurses need to be aware of these to ensure good clinical practice. Parents are a valuable asset in the management of children's pain and nurses need to work in partnership with them to manage pain.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Nursing Staff/psychology , Pain/nursing , Pain/prevention & control , Parents/psychology , Child , Humans , Pain/drug therapyABSTRACT
Children are still enduring unnecessary pain. Nurses and other health care professionals continue to believe the misconceptions about paediatric pain which contribute to this. These misconceptions have all been shown to have no scientific basis.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Pain/nursing , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Competence , Humans , Infant , Nursing Staff, Hospital/education , PrejudiceABSTRACT
Individuals have their own perceptions of pain. Nurses' do not always perceive their patients' pain. There are a number of factors which influence nurses' perceptions of their patients' pain. Further research is needed in this area.
