Antioxidant defense system in prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostate hyperplasia of elderly patients.

UNLABELLED: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PC) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are age-related diseases. The augmented oxidative stress is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of both mentioned prostate disorders. In the presented study the antioxidant defense system in PC and BPH patients has been evaluated. The study was carried out on 30 PC patients (age 61±8 years) and 30 BPH patients (age 63±8 years). The control group consisted of 25 healthy men (age 61±14 years). The reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in the erythrocytes and the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) and erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the examined groups. GSH concentrations in the erythrocytes and plasma GPx-3 activities in the PC group (2.31±0.27 mmol/l and 186.2±39 U/l, respectively) were significantly lower (P<0.05) as compared with the control group (2.52±0.24 and 211.8±26, respectively) and the BPH group (2.45±0.27 and 206.6±48, respectively). Erythrocyte GPx-1 activities in the BPH patients (14.76±3.5 U/g Hb) were statistically decreased (P<0.05) than in the healthy people (16.94±3.7) and in the PC patients (16.82±3.7). There were no significant differences in the activities of GST and EC-SOD between the PC group (2.72±1.34 nmol CDNB-GSH/mg Hb/min and 19.33±4.4 U/ml, respectively), the BPH group (2.53±1.00 and 19.22±4.8, respectively) and the controls (2.88±0.82 and 19.40±4.1, respectively). These results indicate that antioxidant defense system is decreased in the elderly patients with PC and BPH. The differences in the antioxidative system between examined groups of patients may suggest the different etiologies of both diseases. KEYWORDS: antioxidative enzymes, antioxidant defense system, glutathione, benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate adenocarcinoma.

Blood and tissue selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer death. Prostatic gland accumulates reasonably high amount of selenium (Se), the element that prevents the development of PC. It is hypothesized that some selenoproteins inhibit the transformation of normal prostate epithelium into neoplasm. We studied Se levels in whole blood, plasma and prostate of 32 PC and 40 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients and in the control group composed of 39 healthy subjects. The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was also measured in the patients' red cells, plasma and prostate tissue. Se concentration in whole blood and plasma in both groups of patients was lower as compared with controls, while in prostate gland it was significantly higher in PC than in BPH patients and controls. Red cell GSH-Px activity was the same in PC patients and controls but significantly lower in BPH patients. Plasma GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in PC patients than in the control group, and prostate GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in PC patients as compared with BPH patients. Since Se has anticancer properties, it is very likely that its low level in blood may facilitate the development of cancer. A higher level of Se in prostate of PC patients has no influence on GSH-Px activity in the gland.

Urine cytology in patients with urinary tract calculosis.

Urinary cytological examination was performed on 375 patients suffering from urolithiasis at the Department of Urology. University School of Medical Sciences, Bydgoszcz between 01.01.1991 and 31.12.1992. 189 were female (mean age: 47.5 years), 186 were male (mean age: 53.5 years). We found dysplastic cells in urinary sediments in 25.3% of patients before therapy and in 5.3% of patients after conservative or traditional operation and interventional therapy (ESWL. PCNL). Degenerated cells were found in 72% of patients before therapy and in 30.4% after therapy only. In our group neoplasmatical cells were not found. Inflammatory background was found in 44.5% before and in 21.9% after therapy, pyuria in 19.7% and 0.8% respectively. In urinary sediments we found concrements in 24% of patients before and 7.7% after therapy. However, 20 (51.3%) of 39 patients after interventional therapy (ESWL, PCNL) had concrements in urinary sediments. In conclusion, no abnormality was seen in 85.1% before therapy and in 31.2% after therapy. The significance of cytological examination in management of calculous diseases was discussed.

Endometriosis of the urinary bladder.

Although every seventh or eighth case of endometriosis is found to have urinary involvement, this type of endometriosis is still rarely recognized. The symptoms are not specific and are frequently suggestive of a neoplastic process. On the basis of our two cases of histopathologically two types of endometriosis as well as literature review the practical significance of endometriosis in urology is described. In each patient who previously underwent a gynaecological or surgical procedure in the abdominal cavity, endometriosis of the bladder is likely to occur. This possibility should not be ruled out, otherwise it could lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

[Diagnostic value of cytologic examination of urine sediment in patients with non-neoplastic diseases]. / Wartosc diagnostyczna badania cytologicznego osadu moczu u chorych na choroby nienowotworowe.

The results are presented of urine sediment cytological examination of all patients treated in the Department of Urology for non-neoplastic diseases from March 01, 1989 to October 01, 1991. Out of the total number of 936 newly admitted patients in 88 cases the urine cytological examination demonstrated dysplastic cells which accounted for 9.4%, while in 11 cases cells suspected of malignancy were found which accounted for 1.2%. These patients are under constant urological control.

Diagnostic value of urine cytology and urine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in the distinction between bladder cancer and urinary tract infection.

In the retrospective investigation we estimated the CEA levels in urine and urine cytology in 293 patients with urinary bladder cancer (group I) and in 129 patients with urinary tract infection (group II). An increased CEA level was found in 212 cases of bladder cancer and in 109 cases of urinary infection. Neoplastic cells in urine sediment were identified in 254 cases in the first group, while in the second, multiple inflammatory cells and pyuria were diagnosed in 55 and 56 cases, respectively. The combined examination (increased CEA level and/or positive cytology of the urine sediment) allowed for the diagnosis of neoplastic disease in 270 patients in the first group and infection diseases in 123 patients in the second group. After surgical therapy an increased urine CEA level and neoplastic cells in the urine cytology were found in 1 case which was then confirmed histopathologically. In the group with urinary infection an increased CEA level in urine, after antiphlogistic therapy, was found in 5 cases, inflammatory cells in 12 cases, pyuria in 8 cases and suspect cells were found in 6 cases in the group with urinary infection. In specimens from these cases, after electroresection, bladder cancer was diagnosed in 2, and cystitis cystica type changes in 2 cases.

[Bacteroides melaninogenicus, during Fournier's gangrene]. / Bacteroides melaninogenicus, w przebiegu zgorzeli Fourniera.

In two patients (L.C., case No. 5834/215/90 and I.J., case No. 18760/140/91) Fournier's gangrene was diagnosed. From samples of necrotic and stinking secretion, strains of Bacteroides were isolated in anaerobic conditions. Application of metronidazole for treatment and surgical cleaning of the wound resulted in healing of one patient, while the second died.

[Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in blood serum and in urine in employees who smoke at the "Pasamon" Industrial Works in Bygdoszcz]. / Poziomy antygenu karcinoembrionalnego w surowicy krwi i w moczu u palacych pracowników Bydgoskich Zakladów Tasm Technicznych "Pasamon".

CEA levels in serum and urine determined in healthy persons who were heavy smokers. We examined 215 workers of the "PASAMON" Industrial Works (186 women and 29 men). The level of CEA in serum was elevated in 19% of healthy workers smoking 10 or more cigarettes daily. In 10% of female smokers the CEA level in urine was increased. In the age-matched group of non-smokers neither in serum nor in urine any increase in levels of CEA was observed. In diagnosis, prognosis and follow up of patients with neoplasms an increased level of CEA in serum of heavy smokers should be taken into consideration.

[Rare case of congenital chyluria]. / Rzadki przypadek wrodzonego chlonkomoczu.

A rare case is presented of congenital chyluria in a 16-year-old boy. On the basis of literature data the pathological mechanism of that disease is discussed. The clinical data and examinations carried out, particularly lymphography, confirmed the preliminary clinical diagnosis.

[Evaluation of renal function based on cytologic examination of urine sediments in industrial workers employed in a Bydgosz conveyer belt plant "Pasamon" ]. / Ocena stanu ukladu moczowego w badaniach cytologicznych osadu moczu u pracowników bydgoskich Zakladów Tasm Technicznych "Pasamon".

215 healthy workers, aged 19-61, of Bydgoszcz industrial plant were examined. In some patients urine sediments contained pathological ingredients, which could be an early symptom of a urinary tract disease. No traits of neoplastic processes were found.

[Levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoproteins in urine of of workers at the Bydgoszcz industrial works "Pasamon"]. / Poziomy antygenu karcinoembrionalnego i alfafetoproteiny w moczu u pracowników Bydgoskich Zakladów Tasm Technicznych "Pasamon".

A group of 215 healthy workers of the Bydgoszcz Industrial Works "Pasamon", aged 19-61 years, was examined. Normal values of CEA and AFP in urine were determined using the RIA method. They were 0-42 ng/ml and 0-9 UI/ml, respectively. The increase of CEA was often observed in patients with the urinary tract infections. The cytological examination of urine sediment and determination of CEA level may, in some cases, indicate the difference between the urinary tract infections and urothelial carcinomas.

Ultrastructural evaluation of changes in the glomeruli occurring in association with renal carcinoma.

The studies aimed at the determination of ultrastructural changes occurring in the glomeruli in association with renal carcinoma. The material was taken from 7 patients with renal carcinoma. Electron-microscopic investigation showed changes in all 7 cases. These studies demonstrated thickening of the glomerular basement membrane with electron-dense deposits on it and irregular thickening with humps. The humps were of high electron density. In some parts beside the electron-dense deposits the less dense electron lucent patches were found within the glomerular basement membrane. The foot processes of the podocytes were obliterated. Occasionally, the podocytes penetrated into basement membrane. There was mild endothelial cells proliferation in some parts, too.