ABSTRACT
Information on handedness, footedness, eyedness, and earedness was collected from 33 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs and 67 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. The incidence of nonright-sidedness in the twins is not higher than that reported in the literature for singletons. Similar results are found for the other lateralities. The results of assessing handedness with preference tests do not differ from those carried out with performance tests. There are no differences in incidence of nonright-sidedness between MZ and DZ twins. The concordance of lateralities is similar in MZ and DZ twins. The proportions of Right-Right, Right-Nonright, and Nonright-Nonright pairs in both groups of twins show a binomial distribution. The present results do not confirm a genetic hypothesis of determination of sidedness in humans and are comparable with the results obtained by other twin studies.
ABSTRACT
Musical aptitude is the most important precondition for any applicant taking up studies at a music conservatory. Thus, the applicants are tested and assessed very thoroughly by experienced music teachers. To support these subjective results by objective data a procedure was developed allowing to test both the examinee's frequency and octave discrimination capacity in a simple way. In a 1-Hz cycle the frequencies f1 and f2 are directed mutually to the right and left ear, respectively, at a defined sound level. Then the examinee is asked to syntonize e.g. frequency equality f1 = f2 (or f1 = 2 x f2). It can be shown that there is a direct correlation between the amount of deviation from nominal frequency and subjective assessment of musicality.
Subject(s)
Aptitude , Dichotic Listening Tests , Music , Pitch Discrimination , Adult , Attention , Female , Humans , Male , Reference Values , Sound SpectrographyABSTRACT
The relation between tone and speech hearing in noise-induced hearing loss is argued controversely. Important publications according to which close correlations between both audiological methods are extensively supposed, are listed initially. Own research results that have already been published otherwise are introduced briefly. After that--with the help of discrimination functions on the monosyllable level--a correct order of the audibility is possible with a high hit share. The incorrect empirical adaptation of the hearing loss tables can be improved upon by quadratic optimation. Simultaneously, the polynomic functions calculated with the help of the quadratic optimation show frequency-specific characteristics. After addition of these functions one gets a virtual characteristic--tone and speech hearing--with a general character for noise-induced hearing loss. We believe that we have found by this mathematical method a new way for the solution of this difficult complex of questions. Our opinion is that the procedure mentioned above is also suitable for other types of hearing disturbances and for other languages.
Subject(s)
Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Pitch Discrimination/physiology , Speech Perception/physiology , Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiopathologyABSTRACT
We found a method based on analysis of the pattern of recognition (discrimination) to predict the intelligibility of monosyllables in the speech audiogram from the hearing loss values of the tone audiogram. A pattern of recognition (discrimination) function is required for every monosyllable at every intensity level of the test. The great number of functions (8 X 200) (i.e. 1600 functions) involved requires the accommodation capacity of a computer installed at the place of work.
Subject(s)
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Speech Perception , Aged , Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods , Audiometry, Speech/methods , Humans , Prognosis , Speech Discrimination Tests/methodsABSTRACT
PIP: Osler's disease is characterized by the following symptoms: recurring, progressive bleeding, dark red angiomas of needle to rice-grain size in the region of the anterior nasal mucosa, lips, mucosa of the oral cavity, mesopharynx and hypopharynx, skin of the face, and trunk, occasionally conjunctiva. Osler's disease is an inherited disease resulting from a gene mutation. Conventional treatments include the following: as emergency measures, anterior tamponade in layers; Bellocq tamponades; Seiffert inflatable balloons; occasionally, total anterior septum resection by the Kindler method or the Wirth modification; vascular ligatures; local injection with various drugs; chemical cauterization; galvanocauterization; cryotherapy; laser or infrared coagulation. In addition the following are recommended: intra-arterial embolization of the A. maxilleris interna by carotis external angiography and intranasal contact irradiation with cobalt, radium, or iridium. Plastic surgery of the septum by the Saunders method seems to be therapeutically effective; this involves removing the diseased mucosa of the anterior septum, the nasal fundus and the head of the turbinate bone and replacing them with skin of the fissure. In recent years outstanding therapeutic effects have been achieved by administration of hormonal contraceptives, especially by parenteral application of estrogen. In males this therapy is not without risks. It can be recommended for women with consideration of contraindications.^ieng
Subject(s)
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/diagnosis , Adult , Contraceptives, Oral, Combined/therapeutic use , Epistaxis/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Septum/surgery , Prognosis , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic/therapyABSTRACT
Different methods are being employed at present to determine the percentage of hearing loss, on the basis of speech-and-tone audiometry. We scrutinized 1000 expertises on noise, and we were able to show the comparative mutual relationships between the methods employed, on the basis of regression analysis. The methods according to Trautmann/Oeken were relatively better than the other methods, but none of these methods yielded optimal relations.
Subject(s)
Audiometry/methods , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Expert Testimony , Humans , Middle Aged , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
The authors used the multiple linear regression model to describe the relationship between tone and speech hearing in noise induced hearing loss. The authors believe that these mathematic relations are significant for the expert opinion of noise induced hearing loss. Considerable discrepancy between the measured and calculated value might be simulation, aggravation or central disturbances. In these cases ERA should be applied.
Subject(s)
Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Audiometry, Speech , Audiometry , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Speech Discrimination TestsABSTRACT
The possible presence of a relationship between intra-uterine presentation and vestibular function was studied for this paper. -- Thermic and rotational balance tests as well as tests for vestibulospinal reaction and for spontaneous and provoked nystagmus were applied to 42 children in school age who had been born from breech and transverse presentations and to another 30 children who had been born from vertex presentations. The results seem to support the assumption that normal intrauterine presentation depends on intact condition of the vestibular system.
Subject(s)
Labor Presentation , Labyrinth Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiopathology , Breech Presentation , Child , Eye Movements , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
As 40-60% of all heredity disturbances are of genetic origin, it is necessary to apply complex human genetic methods in diagnosis and prevention. Formerly clinicogenetic examinations in most cases only implied the analyses of hereditary constitution. An observation as demonstrated through the examples of several kinships with hereditary disturbances of hearing may serve as a model of complex clinicogenetic investigations. In all cases the diagnosis of hereditary disturbances of hearing must be followed by human genetic family advice.
Subject(s)
Hearing Disorders/genetics , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Adult , Child , Deafness/genetics , Ear, Inner/abnormalities , Female , Genetic Counseling , Hearing Loss/genetics , Humans , Male , Mucopolysaccharidoses/genetics , Pedigree , Waardenburg Syndrome/geneticsABSTRACT
Need of an early diagnosis and an early habilitation of hard of hearing-children is stressed. The authors are working with pupils from the school for deaf children of Halberstadt and from the school for hard of hearing-children of Magdeburg. Genetic counseling has to be integrated in the complex program of habilitation.
Subject(s)
Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Age Factors , Audiometry , Audiovisual Aids , Auditory Perception , Child , Child, Preschool , Correction of Hearing Impairment , Germany, East , Hearing Disorders/prevention & control , Humans , Infant , Mass Screening , PrognosisABSTRACT
The content of total protein and immunglobulins in the parotid saliva and blood serum of pregnant women and healthy test persons has been determined by the biuret method and radial immunofiffusion. It was stated that total protein and IgG in the parotid saliva were higher in pregnant women than in healthy test persons, whereas the IgA-levels don't show any differences. IgM was not measurable in the parotid saliva. There was no relationship between saliva and serum immunglobulins. During the pregnancy show the parotid glands another typ of reaction than nonpregnant women.
