ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate whether time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) with GeneRalised Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) parallel acquisition could be used successfully to non-invasively and efficiently image patients with more complex vascular access issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TWIST magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the GRAPPA algorithm was performed on 15 patients at our centre using the 1.5 T Siemens Magnetom Avanto MRI system. Images were interpreted by cardiac radiologists. RESULTS: TWIST provided excellent dynamic imaging of the venous system, demonstrating venous occlusion, stenoses, and collaterals, as well as providing good anatomical detail. CONCLUSION: TWIST MRA enables successful identification of candidate sites for central/tunnelled line access, whilst diagnosing complications of long-term access such as venous thrombosis or congenital venous anomalies.
