ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Trastuzumab, a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) antibody delivered intravenously, has revolutionized the treatment of patients with breast cancer overexpressing HER2 protein. Recently, a newer subcutaneous formulation was shown to have comparable efficacy to the initial intravenous trastuzumab. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of subcutaneous trastuzumab on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients diagnosed with early or metastatic HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. METHODS: Patients were provided with the EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30) and the BR-23 questionnaires. The scoring of questionnaires and patient's sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded and analyzed by descriptive and correlation statistics employing t test and 2-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients agreed to participate in the study. About 90 of 163 patients (55.21%) received subcutaneous trastuzumab and 21 patients intravenous trastuzumab (12.88%). A control group of 52 HER2+ patients received chemotherapy without trastuzumab (31.90%). Patients receiving subcutaneous trastuzumab were older and of more advanced disease stage compared with those receiving chemotherapy (58.5 vs 51 years, 39.8% vs 28.8% advanced disease). In univariate analysis, subcutaneous trastuzumab was associated with less nausea and vomiting (P = .002) but worse cognitive function (P = .013) and dyspnea (P = .042). Patients who have received >8 cycles of subcutaneous trastuzumab reported less diarrhea (P = .049) and systemic therapy side effects (P = .015). Multivariate analysis showed that patients without comorbidity receiving subcutaneous trastuzumab had less treatment side effects, less upset by hair loss, and higher emotional functioning. Of note, mastectomy and subcutaneous trastuzumab were associated with improved role functioning (P = .021). In metastatic disease, no negative impact of subcutaneous trastuzumab on HRQoL was found. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of subcutaneous trastuzumab improved certain symptoms and did not adversely affect most of the assessed functional scales. Particularly, in the metastatic setting, subcutaneous trastuzumab had no negative impact on HRQoL.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Τo investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) serum levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with newly diagnosed primary NSCLC were included in this study (88 men and 12 women). Blood was drawn before any kind of treatment and the collected serum was processed using chemiluminescence in order CEA and CA 19-9 levels to be measured. RESULTS: No significant associations between CEA or CA 19-9 levels and any tested clinical and pathological parameter were detected. Moreover, CEA levels did not seem to affect survival. On the other hand, patients with high CA 19-9 values (≥37 IU/ml) (median survival: 8 months) had a shorter overall survival than patients with low CA 19-9 values (<37 IU/ml) (median survival: 13 months) (p=0.026). However, CA 19-9 levels did not remain an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate survival analysis (p=0.114). CONCLUSION: CEA and CA 19-9 serum levels do not seem to have any diagnostic role in NSCLC. With regard to their prognostic role, CEA values do not seem to affect the prognosis in NSCLC. However, high CA 19-9 values are associated with worse prognosis.
