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1.
ISA Trans ; 138: 735-745, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36966058

ABSTRACT

The increase in computer numerical control machine efficiency highly contributes to environmental emission reduction and energy-savings. Path and trajectory optimizations are used to improve machine efficiency in a coverage motion such as pocket milling, polishing, inspection, gluing, and additive manufacturing. Several studies have proposed coverage motion optimization in improving machine efficiency for time and energy consumption. Ensuring the smoothness and satisfaction of the machine constraints in coverage motion is necessary. This paper proposes a multi-objective path and trajectory optimization to obtain a trade-off between time and energy consumption for coverage motion. Jerk limited acceleration profiles describe the trajectory where velocity profiles generated for each linear segment attain desirable velocities. The energy model of an industrial two-axis feed drive system is used in finding solutions to the optimization problem. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II generates a Pareto front for trade-off time and energy consumption solutions. Simulation results of the proposed method are validated through experiments using the industrial two-axis feed drive system. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach where time reduction and energy savings are 10.05% and 2.10%, respectively. In addition, the optimized path has a lower maximum error of 76.6% compared to the constantly commanded velocity optimized path.

2.
ISA Trans ; 106: 382-391, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32896386

ABSTRACT

Increasing of consumed energy is the dominating challenge in many industrial fields, especially in computer numerical controlled (CNC) machines. Therefore, reducing even a small amount of the consumed energy can lead to a significant reduction in the world's energy consumption. Control techniques, which are used to manufacture industrial parts using higher controller gains can generally enhance motion accuracy of feed drive systems; however they increase the energy consumption. This paper proposes a new adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC), in which energy saving and motion accuracy of industrial machines can be effectively enhanced. The adaptation strategy allows control gains to be adaptively updated based on tracking performance. Once the resultant errors increase due to disturbance, the control gains are simultaneously modified to generate adequate control signals and achieve the precise track to the desired reference. The proposed adaptive gains can be flexibly changed during reaching and sliding phases, and therefore motion accuracy and energy reduction are improved. In order to confirm the effectiveness, the proposed adaptive law was compared with different adaptation approaches in several previous studies using a circular motion trajectory. Experimental results show a significant enhancement on the motion accuracy and energy saving for the feed drives.

3.
J Org Chem ; 84(12): 7971-7983, 2019 06 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31140804

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe the first stereocontrolled synthesis and properties of boranophosphate DNA (PB-DNA), which contains all of the four nucleobases longer than 10mer. Synthesis was accomplished via an oxazaphospholidine approach combined with acid-labile protecting groups on nucleobases. It was demonstrated that there were significant differences between all-( Rp)- and all-( Sp)-PB-DNA in terms of the duplex-formation ability, nuclease resistance, and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity. In particular, all-( Sp)-PB-DNA was demonstrated to show a duplex-formation ability with RNA and RNase H activity, both of which are necessary for antisense-type nucleic acid therapeutics.


Subject(s)
Boranes/chemistry , DNA/chemistry , DNA/chemical synthesis , Phosphates/chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , Ribonuclease H/metabolism , Stereoisomerism
4.
ISA Trans ; 75: 207-215, 2018 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29475606

ABSTRACT

In feed drive systems, particularly machine tools, a contour error is more significant than the individual axial tracking errors from the view point of enhancing precision in manufacturing and production systems. The contour error must be within the permissible tolerance of given products. In machining complex or sharp-corner products, large contour errors occur mainly owing to discontinuous trajectories and the existence of nonlinear uncertainties. Therefore, it is indispensable to design robust controllers that can enhance the tracking ability of feed drive systems. In this study, an iterative learning contouring controller consisting of a classical Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller and disturbance observer is proposed. The proposed controller was evaluated experimentally by using a typical sharp-corner trajectory, and its performance was compared with that of conventional controllers. The results revealed that the maximum contour error can be reduced by about 37% on average.

5.
Clin Rehabil ; 31(8): 1049-1056, 2017 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27742752

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a self-controlled vocal exercise in elderly people with glottal closure insufficiency. DESIGN: Parallel-arm, individual randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Patients who visited one of 10 medical centers under the National Hospital Organization group in Japan for the first time, aged 60 years or older, complaining of aspiration or hoarseness, and endoscopically confirmed to have glottal closure insufficiency owing to vocal cord atrophy, were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The patients of the intervention group were given guidance and a DVD about a self-controlled vocal exercise. The maximum phonation time which is a measure of glottal closure was evaluated, and the number of patients who developed pneumonia during the six months was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 543 patients enrolled in this trial, 259 were allocated into the intervention group and 284 into the control; 60 of the intervention group and 75 of the control were not able to continue the trial. A total of 199 patients (age 73.9 ±7.25 years) in the intervention group and 209 (73.3 ±6.68 years) in the control completed the six-month trial. Intervention of the self-controlled vocal exercise extended the maximum phonation time significantly ( p < 0.001). There were two hospitalizations for pneumonia in the intervention group and 18 in the control group, representing a significant difference ( p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The self-controlled vocal exercise allowed patients to achieve vocal cord adduction and improve glottal closure insufficiency, which reduced the rate of hospitalization for pneumonia significantly. CLINICAL TRIAL: gov Identifier-UMIN000015567.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Exercise/physiology , Glottis/physiopathology , Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention & control , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/physiology , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Humans , Japan , Laryngoscopy/methods , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Prognosis , Recovery of Function , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Intern Med ; 55(21): 3151-3153, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27803410

ABSTRACT

This is the first report in which crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, reduced an atypical carcinoid tumor with ALK rearrangement. A 70-year-old man developed a tumor in the left lung and multiple metastases to the lung and brain. The pathology of transbronchial biopsied specimens demonstrated an atypical carcinoid pattern. Combined with immunohistochemical findings, we diagnosed the tumor as atypical carcinoid. ALK gene rearrangement was observed by both immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization. He was treated with chemotherapy as first-line therapy, however, the tumor did not respond to chemotherapy. Thereafter, he was treated with crizotinib, which successfully reduced the tumors.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoid Tumor/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Aged , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoid Tumor/drug therapy , Carcinoid Tumor/secondary , Crizotinib , Diagnosis, Differential , Gene Rearrangement , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
7.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 21(21): 6285-7, 2011 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21944859

ABSTRACT

Novel 2'-O-modified oligoribonucleotides with alkoxymethyl skeletons were synthesized, and their ability to hybridize complementary nucleic acids and their nuclease resistance were analyzed. The hybridization ability was improved by introducing electron-withdrawing groups and the increases in melting temperature (T(m) value) was particularly high for chlorine-substituted compounds. Nuclease resistance of these 2'-O-alkoxymethylated oligomers was lower than expected, but cyano substitution resulted in a higher nuclease resistance than 2'-O-methylation.


Subject(s)
Nucleic Acids/chemical synthesis , Nucleic Acids/pharmacology , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Nucleic Acids/chemistry
8.
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids ; 30(6): 446-56, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21780910

ABSTRACT

Arylmethyl groups such as benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, and 1-pyrenylmethyl groups were introduced to the 2'-O-position of nucleosides by reductive etherification. Combining corresponding aromatic aldehydes with 2'-O-trimethylsilylnucleoside derivatives in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) resulted in moderate to good yields of the 2'-O-arylmethyluridine derivatives, whereas the corresponding cytidine and adenosine derivatives were obtained in low yields. The reaction of ribonucleosides with aliphatic aldehydes did not proceed smoothly. Anomerization of the uridine derivatives by TMSOTf was observed in CH(2)Cl(2), toluene, and CH(3)CN, but was completely suppressed when the reactions were conducted in 1,4-dioxane.


Subject(s)
Mesylates/chemistry , Ribonucleosides/chemistry , Trimethylsilyl Compounds/chemistry , Methylation , Oxidation-Reduction
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