Spatial distribution and control levels of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards.

This study aimed to know the patterns of spatial distribution of Anastrepha spp. and establish a criterion for determining the appropriate time for pest control. For this, 90 McPhail traps were used as Sampling Units (SU) divided into three commercial orchards of Novo Milênio guava with a total area of 14 ha. Traps were interspersed between the rows of plants, systematically in the orchards, hung and baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein with weekly collections. We caught 8,170 Anastrepha spp. in 840 SU. The mean infestation index was compared to the three types of distribution: random, uniform, aggregate, and fit by the theoretical frequency distributions of Poisson, negative binomial and positive binomial. The populations of Anastrepha presented aggregate distribution according to the mean variance method (I), tested by distance from randomness. The economic damage risk potential of Anastrepha spp. was associated with the aggregate distribution behavior. The most appropriate moment for the use of control techniques is when reaching 20 flies by the negative binomial. On the other hand, number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), underestimates population index, which will allow population growth, leading to risk of crop production loss.

Sequential sampling plan for fruit fly species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards.

This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for Anastrepha species in commercial orchards of guava Psidium guajava Novo Milênio cultivar. Samplings were carried out in three orchards in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit flies were sampled for 23 weeks. Data were subjected to the sequential probability ratio test. We adopted the mean of 0.3 Anastrepha individuals for the safety level and 0.7 for the control level and the observed frequency was adjusted to the negative binomial expected frequency (Bn) for the equation of the line. The condition of adopting a control method recommended by S1 = 6.5554 + 0.5362n was observed in the upper line. In turn, the lower line, which does not require the use of a control method, is defined by So = -2.8229 + 0.5362n. The sequential sampling plan predicted the expected maximum number of 37 sampling units to decide whether or not to use control method(s). This sequential plan was defined with mean number of 0.54 adults for each McPhail trap unit (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of Anastrepha species of economic importance in guava farming.

New records of fruit trees as host for Neosilba species (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) in southeast Brazil / Novos registros de espécies de plantas hospedeiras para espécies de Neosilba (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) no sudeste do Brasil

Abstract Fruits of thirty-five cultivated native plant species (19 orders and 12 families) were sampled in farms of fruit production from two municipalities of São Paulo state, Brazil (January 2010 to March 2012) to evaluate species diversity of Neosilba flies. Thirty-one species of plants were the host for Neosilba species while four were not infested. Some aspects of the biology and patterns of species diversity, abundance, infestation rates, puparias viability and the interactions among species of frugivorous flies and their host plants were quantified. Seven species of Neosilba were reared: Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado (4 hosts), Neosilba certa (Walker) (4 hosts), Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) (5 hosts), Neosilba inesperata Strikis & Prado (6 hosts) Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) (15 hosts), Neosilba pradoi Strikis & Lerena (8 hosts) and Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine (26 hosts). The association between the lance flies and the host fruit species is discussed.

Resumo Foram coletados frutos de trinta e cinco espécies de plantas nativas (19 ordens e 12 famílias) de janeiro de 2010 a março de 2012, em pomares de produção de frutos em dois municípios do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, à fim de avaliar a diversidade de espécies de Neosilba. Trinta e uma espécies das plantas amostradas foram colonizadas por espécies de Neosilba, enquanto quatro não estavam infestadas. Foram quantificados alguns aspectos da biologia, dos padrões de diversidade de espécies, abundância, taxas de infestação, viabilidade pupal e aspectos da interação entre espécies de moscas frugívoras e suas plantas hospedeiras. Sete espécies de Neosilba foram criadas: Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado (4 plantas hospedeiras), Neosilba certa (Walker) (4 plantas hospedeiras), Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) (5 plantas hospedeiras), Neosilba inesperata Strikis & Prado (6 plantas hospedeiras) Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) (15 plantas hospedeiras), Neosilba pradoi Strikis & Lerena (8 plantas hospedeiras) e Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine (26 plantas hospedeiras). A associação entre as espécies de Neosilba e as espécies de frutas hospedeiras é discutida.