ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clinically compare injection pain experience in children using three methods.Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted among 150 children (81 girls, 69 boys), from seven to 14 years of age, who required operative dental treatment. Fifty patients were randomized into one of three groups: DentalVibe®, manual stimulation, or no stimulation (control). During the injection, the pulse rate and perceived pain, using the Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale were recorded. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the data.Results: We found a statistically significant decrease in the FACES score in the DentalVibe® group compared to the control group and the manual stimulation group (P<0.001). Injection type (mandibular inferior alveolar block/long buccal injections versus maxillary infiltration injections) did not differ statistically in pain perception. The heart rate in the DentalVibe® group showed no significant difference compared to the other groups at all time points. Conclusion: The DentalVibe® may reduce pain for pediatric patients receiving dental injections.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Pain Management/methods , Pain Perception , Vibration/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Child , Dental Anxiety/prevention & control , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
The purpose of this prospective cross-sectional study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is associated with dental development in Hispanic children when compared to their chronologic age and expected dental development. The study enrolled 265 healthy (American Society of Anesthesiology Class I), 6- to 12-year-old Hispanic children. A BMI was calculated from each child's height and weight, and a panoramic radiograph was taken at the same appointment. Subjects were enrolled into 1 of 2 groups: a control group with BMIs classified as underweight/average (less than 85th percentile) and a group with BMIs classified as overweight/obese (85th percentile or greater). Dental age was determined using both panoramic radiographs and the Demirjian dental maturity scale to examine the stage of root development in the dentition. Chronologic age was obtained from each child's birthdate. Results showed a high correlation between chronologic and dental ages (P < 0.001), although dental age was significantly greater in the total sample. The mean difference in dental age among all children was 7.4 months, but the difference was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in children who were overweight/obese (11.7 months) than in underweight/average subjects (3.4 months). Overweight/obese Hispanic children were approximately 3.5 times more dentally advanced. The older the chronologic age, the greater the difference.
Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Tooth/growth & development , Child , Child Development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Overweight/pathology , Pediatric Obesity/pathology , Prospective Studies , Radiography, Panoramic , Thinness/pathology , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Tooth/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
A survey was conducted in 2013 to document trends in orthodontic treatment provided by members of the California Society of Pediatric Dentistry (CSPD). A 21-item survey was mailed to all active members of CSPD. Active members of CSPD spent less time and treated fewer orthodontic conditions in their practice.
Subject(s)
Orthodontics/statistics & numerical data , Pediatric Dentistry , Practice Patterns, Dentists'/statistics & numerical data , California , HumansABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of intramuscular and intranasal midazolam used as a premedication before intravenous conscious sedation. Twenty-three children who were scheduled to receive dental treatment under intravenous sedation participated. The patients ranged in age from 2 to 9 years (mean age, 5.13 years) and were randomly assigned to receive a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of midazolam premedication via either intramuscular or intranasal administration. All patients received 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen inhalation sedation and local anesthetic (0.2 mL of 4% prilocaine hydrochloride) before venipuncture. The sedation level, movement, and crying were evaluated at the following time points: 10 minutes after drug administration and at the times of parental separation, passive papoose board restraint, nitrous oxide nasal hood placement, local anesthetic administration, and initial venipuncture attempt. Mean ratings for the behavioral parameters of sedation level, degree of movement, and degree of crying were consistently higher but not significant in the intramuscular midazolam group at all 6 assessment points. Intramuscular midazolam was found to be statistically more effective in providing a better sedation level and less movement at the time of venipuncture than intranasal administration. Our findings indicate a tendency for intramuscular midazolam to be more effective as a premedication before intravenous sedation.
Subject(s)
Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Preanesthetic Medication , Administration, Intranasal , Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Child , Child Behavior/drug effects , Child, Preschool , Conscious Sedation/classification , Crying , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Movement/drug effects , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Phlebotomy , Pilot Projects , Prilocaine/administration & dosage , Sleep Stages/drug effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine which materials were most commonly used by pediatric dentists in California to restore Class II lesions in the primary dentition. METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 18 multiple-choice questions was mailed to all 440 active members of the California Society of Pediatric Dentistry (CSPD). The questions related to the practitioners' material of choice for restoring Class II lesions in primary molars. RESULTS: A 66% response rate was received. For 57% of the respondents, amalgam was the material of choice for restoration of Class II lesions in primary molars. Twenty-nine percent selected composite, 5% glass ionomer, 6% compomer, and 1% (1 practitioner) stainless steel crowns. Sixty-eight percent responded that amalgam has historically proven to be a safe, reliable, and affordable material. The main reasons cited for using composite resin were "patient preference" (86%) and "better esthetics" (78%). Most practitioners used either a single-step (fifth-generation) or 2-step (fourth-generation) bonding agent (53% and 35%, respectively). When using a nonamalgam restorative material, 49% of practitioners used a traditional Class II amalgam preparation. The role of dental literature in treatment decision-making was not significantly related to the restorative material used. CONCLUSIONS: While amalgam was the most common material used for Class II restorations, nonamalgam materials were significantly popular among California pediatric dentists.
