ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Oligonol® (OLG) is a low-molecular-weight lychee fruit polyphenol mainly containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins. Dietary OLG supplementation reportedly improves lipid metabolism disorder and lowers the visceral fat level in animal and human studies. Thus, we investigated the mechanism behind the protective and beneficial effects of OLG on a Western diet (WD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) of a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the C57BL/6J mouse for the MetS model, mice were divided into three groups: control (normal diet: ND), Western diet (WD) and WD + 0.5% OLG (OLG) groups. The WD group was fed a high-calorie (high fructose plus high fat) diet for 12 weeks to develop MetS. At week 12, all mice were sacrificed and the blood and liver were obtained for histological and biological examinations and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). RESULTS: Body weight, liver weight, plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-Cho) and alanine aminotransferase (ATS) levels of both OLG groups were significantly lower than those of the WD group. On histological examination of the liver, the area of fatty deposits was shown to be suppressed by OLG administration. Expression gene analysis in the liver of WD- versus OLG-fed mice by RNA-Seq showed that 464/45,706 genes exhibited a significant change of expression (corrected p-value <0.05, absolute value of fold change (FC) ≥2). Gene network analysis showed that genes related to hepatic steatosis, liver inflammation and tumor invasion were inactivated in the OLG group. In particular, the lipid metabolism-related genes Lpin1, Adig and Cidea were regulated by OLG administration. CONCLUSION: OLG may function to suppress MetS and the progression of geriatric diseases in WD-fed mice by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism, inflammation and tumor-related genes in the liver.
Subject(s)
Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Liver/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy , Phenols/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Catechin/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Fruit , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Regulatory Networks , Litchi , Liver/drug effects , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Molecular Weight , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) leaf comprises many types of active components, mainly flavonoids, and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in in vitro and in vivo atopic dermatitis (AD) models. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of orally administered perilla leaf extract (PLE) on the symptoms of AD induced by Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE) in NC/Nga AD model mice. METHODS: The mice were allowed free intake of 0.5% PLE. Skin lesions were assessed, and blood was sampled from the caudal vein on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 31. On day 31, all mice were sacrificed to obtain blood, skin, spleen, and intestinal tissue samples. RESULTS: The assessment scores of the skin lesions and total serum IgE levels of PLE-treated mice (PLE group) were significantly lower than DFE-treated mice (DFE group) on days 7, 14, and 21. On day 31, the serum periostin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels in the PLE group were significantly lower than those in the DFE group. Histological analysis of the skin revealed that hyperplasia of the epidermal and dermal layers and infiltration of inflammatory cells (cell infiltration in corium tissues) were suppressed by PLE. Periostin deposition was observed in the skin tissue obtained from the DFE group. Moreover, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of splenic T cells was suppressed in the PLE group but not in the DFE group.
