Effects of intraarticular ketamine combined with periarticular bupivacaine on postoperative pain after arthroscopic meniscectomy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effects of two different doses of intraarticular ketamine on visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and movement, time to first analgesic requirement, and 24-h morphine consumption in patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy as well as to assess the frequency of postoperative nausea&vomiting, respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention, and constipation and to compare the time to discharge. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized double-blind study was performed between August 2013 and August 2014 on 75 patients (32 males, 43 females; mean age 46.7±13 years; range, 18 to 75 years) with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of I-II scheduled for unilateral meniscectomy. Patients were randomized to receive 0.5 mg.kg-1 ketamine (group K1), 1 mg.kg-1 ketamine (group K2) or saline (group S) to a total volume of 20 mL intraarticularly at the end of the surgery. All patients were performed periarticular 10 mL 0.5% bupivacaine infiltration. Visual analog scale at rest and during passive knee movement was used to evaluate pain both preoperatively and at postoperative 0, 30 min, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. Time to first analgesic requirement and morphine consumption were recorded. RESULTS: Visual analog scale scores at rest and during movement at postoperative 0 were significantly reduced in group K2 compared with group S (p<0.05). The first analgesic requirement time was significantly longer in group K1 (76.9±25.2 min) and group K2 (93.4±26.1 min) than group S (29.3±7.1 min). Morphine consumption was lower in group K2 compared to group K1 and group S at postoperative 30 min, and 1 and 2 h. However, 24-h morphine consumption was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular injection of 0.5 mg.kg-1 and 1 mg.kg-1 ketamine for postoperative pain management provided similar analgesic efficacy. However, high dose ketamine more noticeably decreased opioid requirement in the early postoperative period.

Retrospective evaluation of pain in patients with coccydynia who underwent impar ganglion block.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate pain scores one year after impar ganglion block in patients with coccydynia who did not benefit from conservative treatment. METHODS: The medical records of 29 patients with coccydynia were reviewed. Patients who were referred to the algology clinic and underwent impar ganglion blocks were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data, time to the onset of pain, causes of pain, X-ray findings, administered invasive procedures, and visual analog scale (pain) scores were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients were included in the study, 10 males (34%) and 19 females (66%). The average age and body mass index were 53.45 ± 9.6 and 29.55 ± 4.21 respectively. In 21 patients, the onset of pain was associated with trauma. Nineteen patients (65.5%) had anterior coccygeal angulation. The average visual analog scale score before undergoing an impar ganglion block was 7.4 ± 1. After the procedure, the scores at < 3 months, 3-6 months and 6 months-1 year follow-up intervals were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Furthermore, visual analog scale scores at the 3-6 months and 6 months-1 year periods were significantly lower in patients who received diagnostic blocks plus pulse radiofrequency thermocoagulation than in patients who underwent a diagnostic block only. CONCLUSIONS: The impar ganglion block provides effective analgesia without complications in patients with coccydynia. Pulse radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with a diagnostic block prolongs the analgesic effect of the procedure.

Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements.

PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to assess whether intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine provides effective postoperative analgesia. Postoperative pain scores and morphine consumption were compared in a treated group and a placebo group, both of which received patient-controlled morphine after total abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Fifty women were randomly assigned to two groups. Group D (n = 25) received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 mug.kg(-1) iv during induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.5 mug.kg(-1).hr(-1) throughout the operation. Group P (n = 25) received a volume-matched bolus and infusion of placebo (0.9% saline). For each case, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded intraoperatively and for 48 hr postoperatively. Patients used a patient-controlled analgesia device to receive bolus doses of morphine after surgery. Total morphine consumption, pain scores, and sedation scores were recorded for the first 48 hr (two hours in the postanesthesia care unit and 46 hr on the ward). RESULTS: The groups were similar with respect to mean times to extubation of the trachea. Pain and sedation scores were also similar between groups at all corresponding times throughout the 48-hr period of observation. Group D patients consumed significantly less morphine in the postanesthesia care unit and on the ward (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Fewer patients in Group D experienced itching or nausea/vomiting (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuous iv dexmedetomidine during abdominal surgery provides effective postoperative analgesia, and reduces postoperative morphine requirements without increasing the incidence of side effects.