Activation of Anthraquinone's Electrophilicity by Light for a Dynamic C-O Bond.

Coupling of photoswitching with dynamic covalent chemistry enables control of the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds by light irradiation. peri-Aryloxyanthraquinones feature an exclusive ability to switch electrophilicity by interconversion between para- and ana-quinone isomers, which was used for the first time for the implementation of a dynamic C-O bond. Photogenerated ana-isomers undergo a concerted oxa-Michael addition of phenols to give hitherto unknown 4-hydroxy-10,10-diaryloxyanthracen-9-ones. These species were found to be in equilibrium with the corresponding ana-quinones, thus forming a dynamic covalent system of a new type. Withdrawal of the colored ana-quinones from the equilibria by visible light irradiation resulted in two para-quinones with "locked" aryloxy groups.

Computational 19 F NMR of trifluoromethyl derivatives of alkenes, pyrimidines, and indenes.

The 19 F NMR chemical shifts of 13 trifluoromethyl derivatives of alkenes, pyrimidines, and indenes were calculated at the DFT level using the BhandHLYP, BHandH, PBE, PBE0, O3LYP, B3LYP, KT2, and KT3 functionals in combination with the pcS-2 basis set. Best result was documented for the BHandHLYP functional: The mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.66 ppm for the scaled values was achieved for the range of about 20 ppm. Solvent, vibrational, and relativistic corrections were found to be rather small, especially when taken in combination, generally demonstrating a slight decrease in the difference between calculated and experimental fluorine chemical shifts. As a measure of the practical importance of these compounds, one should recall that the growing number of life science products that contain trifluoromethyl groups provides a continuing driving force for the development of an effective methodology that enables both regio- and stereoselective introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into both aliphatic and aromatic systems.

Fluorine spin-spin coupling constants of pentafluorobenzene revisited at the ab initio correlated levels.

All possible spin-spin coupling constants, 19 F-19 F, 19 F-13 C, and 19 F-1 H, of pentafluorobenzene were calculated at five different levels of theory, HF, DFT, SOPPA (CCSD), CCSD, and the SOPPA (CCSD)-based composite scheme with taking into account solvent, vibrational, relativistic, and correlation corrections. Most corrections were next to negligible for the long-range couplings but quite essential for the one-bond carbon-fluorine coupling constants. Hartree-Fock calculations were found to be entirely unreliable, while DFT results were comparable in accuracy with the data obtained using the wave function-based methods.

Stereochemical dependence of substituent γ-effects in the 19 F NMR shielding constants.

The substituent α-, ß-, and γ-effects of the elements of the second and third periods on 19 F NMR chemical shifts are evaluated including the establishment of stereochemical dependence of γ-effect, the latter particularly important in stereochemical studies of fluorine-containing compounds. Benchmark calculations performed for a series of 32 simple inorganic fluorine-containing molecules demonstrated a markedly good correlation between calculated and experimental fluorine chemical shifts characterized by a mean absolute error of 22.5 ppm in the range of about 900 ppm, which corresponds to a 2.5% error in the percentage terms.