[Effect of hyperoxic inhalations for athletes of different sports, including those who had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude]. / Effekty primeneniya giperoksicheskikh ingalyatsii u sportsmenov razlichnykh vidov sporta, v tom chisle ranee perenesshikh COVID-19, pri trenirovkakh v srednegor'e.

OBJECTIVE: To identify hyperoxic inhalations on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes of different sports, who have previously had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 elite athletes during the preparatory period. The studies were conducted in Kislovodsk in the middle altitude (1240 meters) on the Maloe Sedlo mountain, in the conditions of training camps. We studied the parameters of heart rate variability and functional state of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Hyperoxic inhalations were performed with the JAY-10 oxygen concentrator (LONGFIAN SCITECH CO., LTD., China). The oxygen concentration in the mixture was 93±3%, capacity - 5 l/min, exposure time - 20 min. RESULTS: Athletes specializing in sports with predominantly anaerobic lactate and mixed mechanism of energy supply, respectively experiencing hypoxia in the process of their athletic activity during training can experience hypoxia at rest as well. The state of hypoxia during exercise in the middle altitude in such athletes is shown in heart rate variability indices (high values of heart rate and stress index, low power of high frequency waves), low saturation, increased oxygen uptake from the blood microcirculation system. The use of oxygen therapy in athletes promotes positive dynamics of the functional state, consisting in a reduced stress of regulatory mechanisms, strengthened tone of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart rate regulation, increased economization of the central hemodynamics' parameters, improved functions of the external respiratory system. CONCLUSION: Application of hyperoxic inhalations during intense exercise in the middle altitude has a favorable effect on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system in all the studied sports, especially in athletes who have previously had COVID-19.

[Effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports]. / Effekty beta-stimuliruyushchego treninga v vosstanovlenii adaptatsionnykh rezervov u sportsmenov s raznoi napravlennost'yu trenirovochnogo protsessa.

Application of the beta rhythm neurofeedback is mainly dealt with when considering issues related to improving attention for clinical or preventive purposes. Cognitive and autonomic interactions formed with the help of biofeedback training, changing the function of autonomic and visceral systems, qualitatively improve the efficiency of any activity, including athletic activity, the nature of which is predetermined by the type of sports. OBJECTIVE: To identify effects of the beta-stimulating training in recovery of adaptive reserves in athletes of different sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included young male athletes aged 18-22 years (n=1020), distributed according to the type of sports: group 1 - cyclic sports (n=387); group 2 - speed-strength sports (n=255); group 3 - single combat (n=31); group 4 - team sports (n=173); group 5 - complex-coordination sports (n=174). The main objective of the beta-stimulating training was to select a strategy to raise the beta rhythm level while muscles were relaxed. For each group, we identified training efficiency periods according to the lowest value of the attention index (θ/ß, c.u.), then we examined distribution of brain rhythms (α, %; ß, %; θ, %) according to EEG. The level of adaptive reserves was identified according to the heart rate variability (HRV) spectral analysis («VNS-Spektr¼, Neurosoft, Ivanovo). RESULTS: We identified following periods of the beta-stimulating training efficiency according to the attention index (θ/ß, c.u.): group 1 - 10th session (game variant); group 2 - 5th session (graphic and game variants); group 3 - 1st and 10th sessions (game variant), 5th session (graphic variant); group 4 (game variant) - 1st, 5th and 10th sessions; group 5 (game variant) - 5th and 10th sessions. The efficiency periods in the observed groups were accompanied by the following distribution of rhythms in the EEG structure: ß-rhythm - 45-60%; θ-rhythm - 20-35%, α-rhythm - 19-25%. During these periods, wave structure of the heart rhythm also changed: the activity of VLF waves increased (%); the proportion of HF waves decreased in the range of 23.3-31.59% in the groups 1, 2 and 3; the share of HF waves increased in the range of 32.3-39.8% in the group 4 at the 1st session and in the group 5 at the 10th session. The values of total power (TP, ms2) reduce at the 10th session in the groups 1, 3 and 4 and at the 5th session in the group 5. The vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF, c.u.) in the studied groups corresponds to the range of normal values; the values increased in the group 2 at the 5th session, in the groups 3 and 4 - at the 5th and 10th sessions, in the 5th group - at the 5th session. The index decreased in the groups 3 and 4 at the 1st session. The index was stable in the groups 1 and 5 at the 10th session of the training. CONCLUSION: Periods of the beta-stimulating training efficiency associated with the improvement of attention according to the lowest values of θ/ß (c.u.) are accompanied by changes in the modulation of the structure of brain rhythms and the wave structure of heart rate variability, optimizing the psychophysiological state of athletes depending on the type of sport, the number of sessions completed and the session variants chosen.

[Severe bronchial asthma patient care organization in various regions of the Russian Federation. From endotypes and phenotypes of bronchial asthma to personalized choice of therapy].

The meeting of the Expert board was held in Moscow on June 24, 2019, at which the following issues were considered: the applicability of a new terminology characterizing asthma endotypes and phenotypes in real clinical practice, the effect of phenotypes and biomarkers in patients with bronchial asthma on the choice of biological drug, as well as the optimal clinical profiles of patients for whom dupilumab is most effective, taking into account the data of the III phase clinical trials, regional features of medical care and changes in updated international clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. The Expert board included members of leading Russian scientific and educational medical institutions: S.N. Avdeev, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prof., MD; O.A. Volkova, Ph.D.; I.V. Demko, prof., MD; G.L. Ignatova, prof., MD; I.V. Leshchenko, prof., MD; Kanukova N.A.; Kudelya L.M., prof., MD; V.A. Nevzorova, prof., MD; N.G. Nedashkovskaya; O.P. Ukhanova, prof., MD; L.V. Shulzhenko, prof., MD; R.S. Fassakhov, prof., MD.