[Polymorphism of the human thyroid colloid as a physico-chemical and biological phenomenon].

The histological material from 83 thyroid glands obtained from male and female human subjects during the medico-legal examination, was studied at the light microscopic level using the general and histochemical staining methods. The phenomenon of age-related increase of follicular colloid density was investigated and various forms of this effect are classified. Possible physicochemical factors of colloid modification are examined. The latter include: colloid "aging", follicular cell desquamation followed by cell death, thyroglobulin desialization, and accumulation of excessive amounts of DNA and RNA in colloid. Biological significance of the excessive colloid accumulation in the follicles with its subsequent increase in density is regarded in the neutralization and isolation of iodine and tyrosine, which are considered as xenobiotics.

[Morphologic changes in the arterial wall in restenosis after reconstructive and endovascular interventions].

Morphological changes in the arterial wall after reconstructive and endovascular interventions in patients with lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis obliterans are analyzed. The role of intimal hyperplasia in the development of restenosis as a late complication in reconstructive arterial surgery is shown.

[Hyperplasia of the intima as a cause of restenosis following reconstructive and endovascular operations on lower limb arteries].

The authors herein analyse the role of intimal hyperplasia in the development of restenosis as a late complication in reconstructive surgery of arteries in patients suffering from atherosclerosis obliterans of the arteries of the lower extremities.

[Key role of apoptosis in progressing uveal melanoma]. / Kliuchevaia rol' apoptoza v progressirovanii uveal'noi melanomy.

Apoptosis is known as a major achievement of biological world evolution aimed at eliminating "genetic waste," transformed or obsolete cells, and hence at controlling neoplastic processes. At the same time, clinical data point to an inverse effect. Thorough fundamental studies at the levels of light and electron microscopy allowed us to reveal several disturbances in physiological course of apoptosis. We discuss possible recruitment of this mechanism by tumor aimed at self-selection for a cell clone with maximum malignant potential and at elimination of less aggressive populations where the set of point mutations is abortive for further tumor progression.

[Surgical treatment for autoimmune thyroiditis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie autoimmunnogo tiroidita.

The authors present the experience in the treatment of 1379 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). 285 from them underwent surgery (20.6%). Conservative treatment with the use of laser therapy is a base in management of AIT (79.4%). Indications for surgical treatment and its scope were determined intraoperatively according to the results of an urgent biopsy of thyroid gland. They are: cancer of thyroid in combination with AIT, high degree of the risk of malignization, large size of the goitre with the symptoms of constringency of surrounding tissues, presence of pseudonodes and ineffectiveness of the conservative treatment and laser therapy. Follow-up data of the patients after surgical treatment for AIT showed that for several years their mode of life was quite favourable.

[Morphological appearance of cellular immune reaction in the endometrium in spontaneous miscarriage]. / Morfologicheskie proiavleniia immunokletochnykh reaktsii v éndometrii pri samoproizvol'nykh vykidyshakh.

Morphometric analysis of lymphocyte, macrophage and polymorphonuclear leukocyte levels in the endometrial stroma was performed in 67 spontaneous and 30 induced abortions during 5-12 weeks of gestation. The results were correlated with the degree of structural maturity of decidual tissue and terminal chorionic villi and showed activation of lymphocyte macrophage reaction mostly pronounced in case of incomplete decidual transformation of endometrial stroma and hypoplastic alterations of chorionic villi. It was concluded that the aforementioned changes were secondary to a decreased function the gravid yellow body and subsequent activation of cell-mediated immune response in the endometrium during spontaneous abortion.

[Structural changes in the chorionic terminal villi and endometrial decidual tissue in spontaneous abortions]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia terminal'nykh vorsin khoriona i detsidual''noi tkani éndometriia pri samoproizvol'nykh vykidyshakh.

PIP: In order to determine structural changes of the chorionic villi and the deciduous tissue during spontaneous abortions, a morphological study of the mucus of the corpus uteri of 80 women, aged 19-37, was performed. They were divided into 3 groups: 1) induced abortion within 5-12 weeks, 2) spontaneous abortion between 5-8 weeks, 3) abortion occurring despite therapy. The women had begun taking hormonal preparations and vitamins in order to continue pregnancy. A detailed analysis of the structure of the endometrial deciduous tissue revealed 4 types of cells. 1 type was characterized by a stretched form with homogeneous basophilous rounded cytoplasm and a large hyperchromatic center. Another type had a rounded form and an increased center. A 3rd type displayed a polygonal outline and increased cytoplasm. A 4th type consisted of vacuolated cytoplasm and a pyknotic center. These types were assigned respectively to immature, maturing, mature, and dystrophic types. An evaluation of the functional conditions of the chorionic villi and the level of structural maturity of the cells of the deciduous endometrial tissue was performed. During the 1st 5-6 weeks of pregnancy these were either unmatured and or in the process of maturing. After 7-8 weeks the number of mature villi greatly increased and after 9-10 weeks they become very predominant, while the terminal chorionic villi changed hypoplastically and dystrophically. In order to establish the reason for the pathological change of the terminal chorionic villi, a comparison was made of the levels of pronounced hypoplastic, dystrophic and necrotic change of the villi with the level of structural differentiation of the cells of the endometrial deciduous tissue in correlation with the development and ceasing of pregnancy. The hypoplasia of the terminal chorionic villi increased during the course of pregnancy. It was found that hypoplasia of terminal chorionic villi is a characteristic morphological indication of spontaneous abortion.^ieng

[Importance of a structural and functional analysis of the fallopian epithelium in tubal pregnancy and endometrial adenocarcinoma]. / Znachenie strukturno-funktsional'nogo analiza épiteliia matochnykh trub pri trubnoi beremennosti i adenokartsinome éndometriia.

The structural-functional analysis of the uterine tube epithelium is proposed as an additional indirect index of the ovarian hormonal activity. Several standard types of the tubal epithelium are distinguished (proliferative, secretory, gravidal, non-functional, proliferative-hyperplastic) which are characteristic of certain level of various sex hormones in the woman organism. The control data obtained are used for the evaluation of the hormonal background in women with tubal pregnancy and endometrial carcinoma. The signs of ovarian dysfunction were observed in 55.2 and 43.3% of cases respectively and these symptoms were reflected in the pathogenesis and clinical picture of the diseases studied.

[Morphological manifestations of the functional activity of the menstrual corpus luteum]. / Morfologicheskie proiavleniia funktsional'noi aktivnosti menstrual'nogo zheltogo tela.

A histomorphological investigation of the corpus luteum has been performed in 60 women with an unchanged menstrual cycle. Physiological changes of the corpus luteum are reliably reflected in the karyometry results, in correlation between immature, mature and distrophic luteocytes, their mitotic activity and in total thickness of the parenchymatous layer. The parameters taken into account are united into a total index of the corpus luteum activity, its functional significance is proved when a parallel estimation of microelements content (zinc and copper) is performed in the corpus luteum tissues. The morphometric indices used demonstrate that the menstrual corpus luteum is mainly formed at the expense of a combined hypertrophy of granulous and theca-lutein cells and maturation of the preceding cellular forms. Regressive changes are characterized by a decreasing volume of the nuclei and distrophic changes of luteocytes, which are especially manifested at the end of the menstrual cycle.

[Hormone-mediated reactions in the endosalpinx epithelium]. / Gormonal'no obuslovlennye reaktsii épiteliia éndosal'pinksa.

The epithelium of normal uterine tubes resected in 38 young women of the child-bearing age during the periods of the maximal physiological fluctuations of the ovarian steroid hormones levels has been studied. The correlative dependence between the morphometrical data and the results of quanitative biochemical analysis of the estrogen excretion has been investigated. The morphometric method reliably reflects the hormone-dependent variabilities of the oviduct epithelium and makes it possible to perform an objective morphological evaluation of the ovarian functional activity. The height and specific density of cells in the epithelial layer, portion of the aciliary cells and nuclear volume of the ciliary cells are the most important for diagnosis as compared to the excretory level of the estrogenic hormones.

[Characteristics of the microvascular bed of the uterine tubes in women]. / osobennosti mikrososudistogo rusla matochnykh trub u zhenshchin.

A histological investigation of the fallopian tube vascular bed has been performed in women at various phases of the menstrual cycle (28 observation) and at early uterine pregnancy (6 observations). Topographic isolated mechanisms of blood shunting and deposition participating in cyclic changes in the uterine tube functional activity have been revealed. The blood shunting is performed by the occlusive arterioles and arteriolo-venular semi-shunts situating, mainly, in the tubular isthmus. The blood deposition occurs in the infundibular-ampular portion, at the expense of the postcapillary sinus system, convoluted and occlusive venules. The role of hemomicrocirculatory pathways and the lymphatic sinuses of fimbrias to perform physiological "mechanism of the ova acceptance" is also noted.

[Cyclic changes in the uterine tube epithelium in women]. / Tsiklicheskie izmeneniia épiteliia matochnykh trub u zhenshchin.

Morphometric and histochemical investigations have been performed in epithelium of the fallopian tubes in 108 women operated on various gynecological diseases. Among them the following groups have been detected: with a constant menstrual cycle, uterine pregnancy, chronic estrogenia, menopause and a prolonged age menopause. The data obtained demonstrate that the height of the epithelial covering, part the relative amount of the cilial cells and contents of glycogen and lipids in their cytoplasm depend on the character of the ovarian hormonal activity. During the folliculin phase of the menstrual cycle, a certain proliferation of the cilial cells and accumulation of glycogen (in the fimbrial part) and lipids (in the ampullar part) of their cytoplasm is noted. At a chronic estrogenic stimulation, this process can turn into a glandulo-papillary epithelial hyperplasia of the endosalpinx. Administration of yellow body hormones during the lutein phase of the menstrual cycle produces focal desquamation of the cilial epithelium, which acquires a diffuse character in the fallopian tubes of pregnant women and is accompanied with a decreased amount of glycogen in cytoplasm of epitheliocytes and release of lipids into the oviductal lumen.