ABSTRACT
In metabolic syndrome including the connection with gastro-esophageal rephlux it was detected some equal dystrophic changes in esophageal mucosa. These changes are: horny epithelium, destruction in epithelial-stromal interactions, a special form of papilla, some spherical structures with dystrophic epithelial cells and groups of epitheliocytes with nuclear absence. These changes occurred against a background of NO increased level.
Subject(s)
Esophagus/pathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology , Metabolic Syndrome/pathology , Mucous Membrane/pathology , Adult , Esophagus/metabolism , Female , Gastroesophageal Reflux/metabolism , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Middle Aged , Mucous Membrane/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolismABSTRACT
The role of the ResD-ResE two-component signal transduction system in regulation of the bacilli guanyl-specific ribonucleases genes expression was studied. The proteins with the homology to the Bacillus subtilis ResD and ResE regulatory proteins were found in all sequenced genomes of the Bacillus. Using the B. subtilis strains deficient in the genes for these proteins it was shown that the ResD-ResE signal transduction system positively regulates the expression of the genes for B. intermedius, B. pumilus, and B. thuringiensis ribonucleases in the B. subtilis host cell. The data obtained in this work indicate that regulatory system similar to the B. subtilis ResD-ResE two-component signal transduction system also functions in other representatives of the Bacillus genus.
Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis/enzymology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Ribonuclease T1/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Bacillus subtilis/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Phylogeny , Ribonuclease T1/genetics , Transcription Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
Guanyl-specific ribonucleases from Bacillus intermedius and Bacillus pumilus are actively secreted under phosphate starvation by recombinant strains of Bacillus subtilis with native regulatory systems and by strains defective in some proteins of the Spo0A phosphorylation pathway. The level of expression of ribonuclease genes has been shown to increase approximately sixfold in recombinant strains with mutation in the spo0A gene and threefold in the spo0A/abrB mutants, as compared with native strains. These results demonstrate that the Spo0A protein regulates the production of ribonucleases and thus acts as a repressor, while the AbrB protein is an activator of expression of the genes encoding ribonucleases from Bacillus intermedius and Bacillus pumilus in Bacillus subtilis cells.
Subject(s)
Bacillus subtilis/genetics , Bacillus/enzymology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Ribonuclease T1/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Genes, BacterialABSTRACT
Morphological electron-microscopic evaluation of gastroduodenal mucosa in subjects who worked in the zone of radionuclide contamination after the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987 and therefore exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (18, 62 sGy on the average) discovered deficiency of tissue immunocompetent cells, dystrophic changes in the epithelium and stroma. In epithelial cells there were structural shifts in microvillae, organoids and nuclei. Epithelium, stroma and endothelium of blood vessels contained dark cells with thick hyaloplasm.
Subject(s)
Duodenum/radiation effects , Gastric Mucosa/radiation effects , Intestinal Mucosa/radiation effects , Power Plants , Radioactive Hazard Release , Biopsy , Chronic Disease , Duodenitis/pathology , Duodenum/ultrastructure , Epithelium/radiation effects , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Follow-Up Studies , Gastric Mucosa/ultrastructure , Gastritis/pathology , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Military Personnel , Occupational Diseases/pathology , UkraineABSTRACT
As shown by animal experiments, low-dose trichlorodophenyl and dioctyl phthalate induce microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes and ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes. This evidences hepatotoxicity of the compounds.
Subject(s)
Antipyrine/metabolism , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity , Animals , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Diethylhexyl Phthalate/administration & dosage , Liver/ultrastructure , Male , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Mitochondria, Liver/ultrastructure , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/administration & dosage , RatsABSTRACT
The effect of long-term application of ethanol on the biochemical composition of rat bile has been studied. These results have been compared with the changes of activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. The changes of biliary lipid synthesis and secretion have been shown to reflect the change of microsomal metabolic functions and to be accompanied by liver destruction processes.
Subject(s)
Bile/drug effects , Ethanol/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Animals , Bile/chemistry , Bile/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure , Liver/metabolism , Liver/ultrastructure , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Mixed Function Oxygenases/drug effects , Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The authors studied the deposits of cholesterol in the liver of alcoholic men and rats by means of cytochemical method. The localization of cholesterol in intracellular and extracellular compartments was shown. In numerous hepatocytes there were focal destructions in mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/pathology , Cholesterol/analysis , Liver/ultrastructure , Animals , Bile Ducts/ultrastructure , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , RatsABSTRACT
The deposits of cholesterol in hepatocytes in alcoholic rats were studied by means of cytochemical method. It was shown the localization of cholesterol in intracellular as well as extracellular compartment. In numerous hepatocytes there was observed a destruction of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes. It was observed two structural forms of digitonin cholesterol complexes: structures like "crinkles" and small cylinders and multilamellar ones.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Intoxication/metabolism , Cholesterol/analysis , Liver/ultrastructure , Alcoholic Intoxication/pathology , Animals , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure , Histocytochemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , RatsABSTRACT
A perfusion method is described for the ultrastructural demonstration of alkaline phosphatase. The present approach is based on a short vascular perfusion of the rat liver with glutaraldehyde through the portal vein or the aorta, followed by a vascular perfusion incubation with a medium containing the enzyme substrates. From the vessels a good penetration of the medium into all tissues is achieved. It is demonstrated that a 3 minute glutaraldehyde perfusion provides a good morphological preservation of cells. For alkaline phosphatase, the reaction product was confined to the inner layer hepatocyte plasma membranes. No signs of enzyme diffusion were noted. The present approach seems to offer some advantages: it is simple and requires no extra equipment, penetration of the fixative and incubation enzyme medium is good, and freeze artifacts are avoided.
