ABSTRACT
Effect of potable water with low content of heavy stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen on body mass and hematopoiesis was studied in intact laboratory animals. Outbred CD-I and first generation hybrid (CBA*C57B)F1 mice exhibited a statistical acceleration of body mass gain as a result of drinking rectified light-isotopic water with ppm 35; stimulating effect was noticed with respect to peripheral blood parameters and condition of the hematopoietic organs. The parameters under study did not go beyond boundaries of the physiological norm.
Subject(s)
Drinking Water/administration & dosage , Animals , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Body Mass Index , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Cell Count , Crosses, Genetic , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hydrogen/metabolism , Isotopes/metabolism , Leukocytes/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Oxygen Isotopes/metabolism , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the study of the effects of long-term low-level exposure of rats to microwaves. Rats were exposed in far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave fields providing an incident power density at the cages of 500 microW/cm2 for 7 hours daily for a total of 30 days resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 +/- 0.04 W/kg. Three groups ("EMF-exposure", "sham-exposure" and cage-control) were formed, each consisting of 16 rats. Circulating antibodies (IgA, IgG and IgM) directed against 16 chemical substances were evaluated in coded serum from each group of rats by enzyme multiplied analysis (ELISA test). An increased amount of compounds resulting from interaction of amino acids with nitric oxide (NO) or its derivatives (NO2-Tyrosine, NO-Arginine, NO-Cysteine + NO-Bovine Serum Albumin, NJ-Methionine + NO-Asparagine + No-Histidine, NO-BTrypnohan + NJ-Tyrosin), fatty acids with small chains, hydroxylated fatty acids, palmitic/myristic/oleic acid, AZE (product of oxidation of fatty acids) was found in blood serum from EMF-exposed rats. As a rule, antibodies to conjugated antigens were seen for IgM, rarely seen for IgG and were completely absent for IgA. The levels of antibodies were higher on day 7 after the exposure compared to those on day 14 after the exposure.
Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/blood , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Oxidative Stress/immunology , Animals , Antibody Specificity , Autoantibodies/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the study of immunological effects of long-term low-level exposure of rats to microwaves. Rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave fields providing an incident power density at the cages of 500 microW/cm2 for 7 hours daily for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 +/- 0.04 W/kg. Effects of the exposure on immunological parameters in the brain and liver of rats were studied using Complement Fixation Test at low temperature (4 degrees C). Three groups ("EMF-exposure", "sham-exposure" and cage-control) were formed, each consisting of 16 rats. On the 14th day after the 30-day exposure, titers of antibodies against brain tissue were 0.69 +/- 0.08 in the cage-control group, 0.89 +/- 0.05 in the sham-exposed group and 1.19 +/- 0.07 in the EMF-exposed group. The appearance of antibodies against liver antigens was less. The increase in titres of antibodies against brain homogenates in the sham-exposed and EMF-exposed groups could be explained by the stress-reaction of the animals and autoimmunization of organism.
Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/blood , Autoimmunity/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects , Animals , Antibody Specificity , Brain/immunology , Brain/radiation effects , Complement Fixation Tests , Liver/immunology , Liver/radiation effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The propose of these examination was the study of antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol (VG). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection VG mice (0.2 ml), hamsters (0.2 ml), dogs (0.5 ml) before 1-14 days of total gamma-irradiation (2.5-8.5 Gy) had positive effect of acute radiation disease. This effect was expressed in increase of survival the mice and hamsters on 30-60%, increase number cells in bone marrow and neutrophiles, erythrocytes, lymphocytes and hemoglobin in blood by comparison with control mice. VG stimulated increase of contents of leucocytes in blood of irradiated (2.5 Gy) dogs.
Subject(s)
Gamma Rays , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Animals , Bone Marrow/immunology , Cricetinae , Dogs , Injections, Subcutaneous , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes/immunology , Mice , Neutrophils/immunology , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/blood , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/immunologyABSTRACT
The propose of these examination was studied antiradiation effect of lactoferrin (LF). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection LF (65 or 300 mkg/kg) guinea-pigs irradiated after 1-14 days after of total gamma-irradiation (2.5 Gr) had therapeutically effect attached to the bone marrow form of acute radiation disease (ARD). This effect was explained in increase of survive the animals with 53.8% to 92.8% and stimulation erythropoiesis, judge by number of reticulocytes and increase neutrophiles (12 days ARD) and lymphocytes (12 and 16 days ARD) by comparison with control animals. LF had no effect attached to intestinal form of acute radiation disease by mice. The injection of LF before total irradiation rats of electrons (energy 25 MeV) in doses 255 Gr decreased expression of some symptom of cerebral form of acute radiation disease: prolong time of beginning convulsive period with 5.7 hours to 14.1 hours and duration of life with 7.7 hours to 15.3 hours. LF had antioxidative activity.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Lactoferrin/administration & dosage , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Animals , Cerebrum/drug effects , Cerebrum/radiation effects , Cesium Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Erythropoiesis/drug effects , Erythropoiesis/radiation effects , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Intestines/drug effects , Intestines/radiation effects , Lactoferrin/pharmacology , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Mice , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
In spite of intensive antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy, most patients with acute radiation sickness I-IV severity grade (dose of 0.1-13.7 Gy) developed infections caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Frequency and intensity of those infections were proportional to the radiation dose and severity grade of radiation sickness.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/etiology , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Mycoses/etiology , Radiation Injuries/complications , Radioactive Hazard Release , Virus Diseases/etiology , Acute Disease , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Child, Preschool , Fungi/isolation & purification , Humans , Incidence , Mycoses/epidemiology , Mycoses/microbiology , Syndrome , Trauma Severity Indices , Ukraine/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/epidemiology , Virus Diseases/virology , Viruses/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
In experiments with two species of animals (dogs, guinea pigs) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-rays, it was observed, that leucynferon had antiradiation effect. Course of injections: dogs--8 injections subcutaneus: 2.0 ml (1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 21, 34 days after irradiation); guinea pigs--14 injections subcutaneus, 0.2 ml (1-14 days after irradiation). Therapeutical effect was explained by capacity of the preparation to defend the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hemopoiesis. Leucynferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms. Immunoreactivity of dogs and guinea pigs in experimental group was more complete and restored faster. The growth of the automicroflora on the skin was restrained. Production of interferon-gamma (which is a function of T-lymphocytes) was restored faster.
Subject(s)
Cytokines/pharmacology , Interferon Type I/pharmacology , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Cytokines/administration & dosage , Dogs , Drug Combinations , Female , Guinea Pigs , Interferon Type I/administration & dosage , Male , Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
At present time in the SRC--Institute of Biophysics the data bank containing the information on the reactions of 431 dogs to radiation exposure in a wide range of doses has been created. By the results of 4299 blood tests reporting a leukocyte content, including 2509 tests reporting a blood formula, the individual peculiarity of the peripheral blood reaction in dogs were analyzed. Dose dependencies for the reaction of blood-forming system to radiation exposure to doses in the range from 1.0 to 7.0 Gy were obtained. In comparison with the similar data for humans, the neutrophil content in peripheral blood decreased approximately 1.5-2.0 times faster in dogs than in men, resulting in earlier recovery.
Subject(s)
Hematopoiesis/radiation effects , Neutrophils/radiation effects , Animals , Databases, Factual , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Leukocyte Count , Neutrophils/immunology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.
Subject(s)
Carrier State/virology , Hematopoietic System/radiation effects , Leukemia Virus, Murine , Leukemia, Experimental/virology , Retroviridae Infections/virology , Tumor Virus Infections/virology , Animals , Carrier State/congenital , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Female , Gamma Rays , Leukemia, Experimental/congenital , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Radiation Tolerance , Retroviridae Infections/congenital , Species Specificity , Tumor Virus Infections/congenitalABSTRACT
In experiments with three species of animals (mice, rabbits, monkeys) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-irradiation, it was observed, that leukinferon used in 4 hours or 10 days after provided antiradiation therapeutical effect. When lethal dose was used (mice) the survival of animals was significantly increased. The preparation decreased depression of the functional activity of leukocytes as it was observed with IFH-alpha and gamma-production. Pestoring this function was accelerated. Phenomena pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by radiation were decreased. Therapeutical effect was explained with capacity of the preparation to defence the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hematopoiesis. So, spleen weights and quantity of cells into bone marrow were higher in experimental group in comparison with control at any observation. CFUs were also higher (with optimal dose of preparation). Stimulation of the restoring processes was confirmed also by more intensive increasing of the reticulocyte quantities in the circulation of experimental monkeys within 20 days. Then their level became more close in both groups. The preparation stimulated also differentiation of immune effectors: immature neutrophils were absent in the circulation of experimental monkeys. Production of IFN-gamma (which is function of T-lymphocytes) was restored more fast. As a result, immunoreactivity of monkeys in experimental group was more complete and restored faster: the growth of the automicroflora on the skin surface became to increase 7 days later and was restrained. Leukinferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Cytokines/therapeutic use , Interferon Type I/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Radiation-Protective Agents , Acute Disease , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Animals , Blood Cell Count , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow/radiation effects , Cytokines/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Haplorhini , Hematopoiesis/drug effects , Hematopoiesis/radiation effects , Interferon Type I/administration & dosage , Interferon-alpha/immunology , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Mice , Rabbits , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/blood , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/immunology , Skin/microbiology , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/radiation effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Americium/administration & dosage , Colon/microbiology , Food Additives , Lead Poisoning/metabolism , Pectins/pharmacology , Plutonium/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Colon/drug effects , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Esterification , Lead/administration & dosage , Rats , Yeasts/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Population Surveillance/methods , Child , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Humans , Immune System/immunology , Immune System/microbiology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/microbiology , Immunologic Tests , Microbiological Techniques , Russia , Skin/microbiologyABSTRACT
Different methods of prophylactic treatment with influenza virus vaccine increase survival of irradiated mice and hamsters by 25-55% as compared to unprotected ones. Higher radioresistance occurs in the same time intervals as a rise of interferon in the blood after immunization with influenza virus vaccine.
Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Interferon Inducers/therapeutic use , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Animals , Chi-Square Distribution , Cricetinae , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Gamma Rays , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/blood , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/mortality , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A model for secondary postradiation immunodeficiency of mice has been used to compare immunocorrective activities of some new immunomodulators (arbidol, cagocel, myelopid, proleukinferon and fragmine) administered at late times (2-3 months) after exposure to a nonlethal radiation dose (4.0 Gy). The highest immunocorrective effect has been shown with fragmine and proleukinferon.
Subject(s)
Activins , Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy , Oligopeptides , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/complications , Animals , Antibody-Producing Cells/drug effects , Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology , Antibody-Producing Cells/radiation effects , Dalteparin/therapeutic use , Gossypol/analogs & derivatives , Gossypol/therapeutic use , Graft vs Host Reaction/drug effects , Graft vs Host Reaction/radiation effects , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Immunity, Cellular/radiation effects , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Indoles/therapeutic use , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Peptides/therapeutic use , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Phagocytosis/radiation effects , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/immunology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/therapeutic use , Hematopoiesis/drug effects , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/therapy , Acute Disease , Animals , Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use , Bacteriocins/therapeutic use , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Mice , Prodigiozan/therapeutic use , Proteus/immunology , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/blood , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Basing on assessment of skin microflora in 3186 apparently health able-bodied individuals and on subsequent study of acute morbidity, the authors revealed direct dependence between these parameters: only 3.4% of people with normal level of microflora became ill during 1 month after the examination, the value of those with higher level was 15.5%. Therefore the skin microflora test could serve for prognosis.
Subject(s)
Mass Screening/methods , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Skin/microbiology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Colony Count, Microbial , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Moscow , Prognosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Humoral and cellular factors of the immune system of 133 subjects injured in the Chernobyl accident were studied during first 1.5-2 months after radiation, 5-17 months and 3 years after they suffered acute radiation sickness (I-IV degree). Significant disorders in the immune system correlating with the severity of the disease were recorded. In late terms certain shifts persisted in the immune status of subjects who had suffered acute radiation sickness, II and III degree.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Immune System/radiation effects , Nuclear Reactors , Radiation Injuries/immunology , Humans , Time Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
As many as 138 patients with acute radiation sickness, grades O-IV, were examined over time. It has been revealed that disorders in microecology and humoral immunity agreed well with the severity of radiation damage.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Nuclear Reactors , Radiation Injuries , Acute Disease , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Erythrocytes/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Humans , Radiation Injuries/immunology , Radiation Injuries/microbiology , Skin/microbiology , Time Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
In experiments with CBA and CBA X C57Bl(F-1) mice it was shown that the radio-protective efficacy and the anti-infectious influence of homo- and heterologous immunoglobulin (IG) applied one, two and three times in the period from 4h to 9 days following irradiation with doses of LD80-95/30. This was displayed by the increased survival rate and normalization of intestinal microflora in treated animals in comparison with untreated ones. Heterologous IG administered at varying times (5 to 20 days) after irradiation with the dose of 4.8 Gy increased the resistance of treated mice to infection with living E. coli culture.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Animals , Bacterial Infections/etiology , Cesium Radioisotopes , Gamma Rays , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/complications , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Partial X-irradiation of the hind part of mouse body with a dose of 12 Gy (LD15/30) was shown to produce a pronounced harmful effect on the clinico-hematologic and immuno-microbiological characteristics that could be coped with by a single subcutaneous injection of homologous immunoglobulin (200 mg/kg) 2 h following irradiation.