ABSTRACT
Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low-dose threshold (<0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimised and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. ICRP Publication 103 on H(p)(d), in §(136), reads that ' a depth d = 3 mm has been proposed for the rare case of monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye. In practice, however, H(p)(3) has rarely been monitored and H(p)(0.07) can be used for the same monitoring purpose '. As recommended on the EU 'Technical recommendations for monitoring individuals occupationally exposed to external radiation', a test on the ENEA TL extremity dosemeter is herein reported. The results within the actual EU founded Optimization of RAdiation protection for MEDical staff (ORAMED) Project, whose WP2 is aimed at the quantity H(p)(3) and eye lens dosimetry in practice, are taken into account. The paper summarises the main aspects of the study carried out at ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute (Bologna, Italy) to provide practical solutions (in the use and the design) to evaluate the response of the ENEA TL extremity dosemeter in terms of H(p)(3).
Subject(s)
Copper/analysis , Fluorides/analysis , Lithium Compounds/analysis , Magnesium/analysis , Phosphorus/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radiometry/instrumentation , Calibration , Equipment Design , Europe , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Materials Testing , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Radiation Protection/methods , Radiometry/methods , Skin/radiation effectsABSTRACT
The results of a study of two commercially available LiF(Mg,Cu,P) TL materials, a GR200 detector and a MCP-Ns thin detector, are described in order to use these phosphors for individual monitoring for the extremities. After a dosimetry system has been type tested, the implementation routine is not straightforward. Additional tests and software modification are needed to make the routine system work comply with the type test results. Not often can literature be found on the steps required to implement the results in a routine study. This paper reports the results of the individual calibration of about 15 000 extremity dosemeters, 12 000 containing a GR200 detector and 3000 an MCP-Ns thin detector. It describes the experimental procedure followed in order to assure reproducibility and stability of the results with proper accuracy and reliability. In particular, this is the first time that results on homogeneity of such a large batch of MCP-Ns detectors are reported.
Subject(s)
Extremities , Fluorides/chemistry , Fluorides/radiation effects , Lithium Compounds/chemistry , Lithium Compounds/radiation effects , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Protection/methods , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Italy , Radiation Dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methodsABSTRACT
The ENEA photon dosemeter, introduced in 1995, consisting of two differently filtrated LiF(Mg,Cu,P) detectors, has been modified recently. The ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic support has been replaced by a new aluminium card supporting the same two detectors (LiF(Mg,Cu,P) GR200). The new card, fully developed at the ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute (which is going to be patented), can now be processed through a Harshaw Model 6600 Automated TLD Reader, a hot gas reader. This paper reports the results of the individual calibration of approximately 60,000 LiF(Mg,Cu,P) GR200 detectors inserted on the new aluminium cards. Before the implementation in routine of the new cards, the reader has been characterised. Steps and tests to be made to use the card in routine (i.e. reader stability, linearity, reproducibility, etc.) are reported. The whole dosimetric system now combines the very good performances of the Harshaw Model 6600 reader and that of LiF(Mg,Cu,P) thermoluminescent material.
Subject(s)
Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Protection/methods , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , Belgium , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Radiation Dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Diabetic Angiopathies/therapy , Foot Ulcer/therapy , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Peripheral Vascular Diseases/therapy , Aged , Female , Foot Ulcer/pathology , Gangrene , Humans , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Osteoarthritis/physiopathology , Pain Measurement , Pain/ethnology , Semantics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Female , Humans , Italy , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture , Anesthesia, General , Fentanyl , Halothane , Pericarditis/surgery , Uremia/complications , Atropine/administration & dosage , Diazepam/administration & dosage , Humans , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Pericarditis/etiology , Preanesthetic MedicationABSTRACT
The AA. examine the main metabolic and tissues physiopathologic effects after large burns. The same value advantages and disadvantages of anaesthesia treatments during excision and during medications on hard burns. The AA. propose then experience based on the association Althesin drip solution with Fentanyl. They underline the good results obtained by this method.
