ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III (FACES III) is a self-report instrument that enables the assessment of the dimensions of adaptability and cohesion within a family, establishing whether or not that family is functional and classifying it according to categories within those dimensions. The objective of this research was to determine the psychometric properties of this instrument using a sample of dental students from 5 Latin American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The FACES III was administered to a sample of 2888 university dental students from Colombia (35.3%), Chile (34.6%), the Dominican Republic (19%), Argentina (6%), and El Salvador (5.1%). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factorial structure of the scale, comparing 3 models proposed in the Latin American literature, establishing a multigroup analysis to examine invariance among countries. RESULTS: The results revealed a structure composed of 2 dimensions: cohesion and adaptability. These dimensions showed adequate structure and internal consistency. The invariance of the measurement model in the participating countries was confirmed. CONCLUSION: In general, this study offers evidence of the adequacy of the psychometric properties of FACES III in Colombian, Chilean, Dominican, Argentine, and Salvadoran dental students.
Subject(s)
Psychometrics , Students, Dental , Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental/psychology , Young Adult , Adult , Universities , Family Relations/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Latin America , Colombia , Adolescent , ChileABSTRACT
Empathy is a relevant competence in the study and practice of medicine whose development could depend on the functioning style of each family. This study aims to compare the distribution of empathy levels, about functionality or dysfunction, and the three styles, which can be derived from family functioning in the families of Argentine medical students. Previously providing evidence of the validity of the family functioning measure. As well as provide evidence of the validity of the measure of family functioning. METHODS: Ex post facto design: 306 Argentine medical students who had already taken the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Spanish Edition (JSE-S) and the abbreviated Spanish Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-20). A gender-weighted linear regression analysis was made, establishing an ANOVA and multiple comparisons via DMS to determine the effect of functional and dysfunctional families' balanced, intermediate and extreme functioning styles concerning empathy. RESULTS: Students who presented dysfunction in familial cohesion and adaptability showed measures of empathy greater than those classified as functional. Differences of cohesion were statistically significant in compassionate care, perspective taking and general empathy. These components were significantly higher in students from families classified as extreme than balanced ones. Students classified within families with either extreme or dysfunctional styles showed greater levels of empathy than more adaptive and functional ones, except in the 'walking in patient's shoes' component where differences were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Individual resilience as an intervening variable in the presence of empathy is discussed. IMPLICATIONS: The study of empathy, its associated variables, and the conditions of its development remains a central theme in relation to students and professionals of the health sciences. To achieve an effective professional practice, it is necessary to develop human capacities such as empathy and personal resilience.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. La empatía en médicos es ventajosa para una mejor atención del paciente y resolución de estados patológicos, y se considera relevante en la formación profesional. Objetivo. Medir los niveles de empatía y de sus componentes en estudiantes de Medicina, en Córdoba, Argentina. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, de corte transversal. Se aplicó la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson, versión en español, para estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud (versión S), validada en México y Chile, y adaptada culturalmente a Argentina por criterio de jueces. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza modelo III bifactorial para evaluar diferencias de las medias entre años académicos, géneros y la interacción entre estos factores. Resultados. Población: 306/497 estudiantes, de 1° a 5° año evaluados en noviembre de 2016. La muestra se estratificó por año académico y por género. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de la empatía en general y en el cuidado compasivo en ambos factores. Estos aumentaron a través de los años (mayor en quinto y menor en primero) y las mujeres tuvieron mayores valores que los hombres en la empatía y en el cuidado con compasión. Conclusión. Los niveles de empatía en general y, particularmente, del componente cuidado compasivo registraron aumento de primero a quinto año (mayor en mujeres que en hombres), lo que evidenció un creciente desarrollo del componente afectivo de la empatía. El porcentaj e de crecimiento de la empatía en general y de los componentes vinculados a sus aspectos cognitivos registró escaso nivel de desarrollo.
Introduction. Physicians' empathy is an advantage for a better patient care and resolution of disease, and is considered a relevant part of professional training. Objective. To measure the level of empathy and its components in medical students of the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Methods. This was an exploratory, cross-sectional study. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy was administered, in its Spanish version for health sciences students (version S), validated in Mexico and Chile, and culturally adapted to Argentina based on experts' opinion. A two-factor analysis of variance (model III) was used to assess mean differences between sexes and school years, and the interaction between these factors. Results. 306/497 students from first through fifth year assessed in November 2016. The sample was stratified by school year and sex. Significant differences were observed in overall empathy and in compassionate care in both factors. These differences increased over the years (higher among fifth year students and lower among first year ones), and women showed higher values than men in terms of empathy and compassionate care. Conclusion. Overall empathy, and the compassionate care component specifically, increased from first through fifth year (and were higher among women compared to men), which evidenced the progressive development of the affective component of empathy. The percentage of development of overall empathy and the cognitive components showed little progression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Physician-Patient Relations , Students , Empathy , Professional Training , MedicineABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Physicians' empathy is an advantage for a better patient care and resolution of disease, and is considered a relevant part of professional training. OBJECTIVE: To measure the level of empathy and its components in medical students of the city of Córdoba, Argentina. METHODS: This was an exploratory, cross-sectional study. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy was administered, in its Spanish version for health sciences students (version S), validated in Mexico and Chile, and culturally adapted to Argentina based on experts' opinion. A two-factor analysis of variance (model III) was used to assess mean differences between sexes and school years, and the interaction between these factors. RESULTS: 306/497 students from first through fifth year assessed in November 2016. The sample was stratified by school year and sex. Significant differences were observed in overall empathy and in compassionate care in both factors. These differences increased over the years (higher among fifth year students and lower among first year ones), and women showed higher values than men in terms of empathy and compassionate care. CONCLUSION: Overall empathy, and the compassionate care component specifically, increased from first through fifth year (and were higher among women compared to men), which evidenced the progressive development of the affective component of empathy. The percentage of development of overall empathy and the cognitive components showed little progression.
Introducción. La empatía en médicos es ventajosa para una mejor atención del paciente y resolución de estados patológicos, y se considera relevante en la formación profesional. Objetivo. Medir los niveles de empatía y de sus componentes en estudiantes de Medicina, en Córdoba, Argentina. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, de corte transversal. Se aplicó la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson, versión en español, para estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud (versión S), validada en México y Chile, y adaptada culturalmente a Argentina por criterio de jueces. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza modelo III bifactorial para evaluar diferencias de las medias entre años académicos, géneros y la interacción entre estos factores. Resultados. Población: 306/497 estudiantes, de 1° a 5° año evaluados en noviembre de 2016. La muestra se estratificó por año académico y por género. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de la empatía en general y en el cuidado compasivo en ambos factores. Estos aumentaron a través de los años (mayor en quinto y menor en primero) y las mujeres tuvieron mayores valores que los hombres en la empatía y en el cuidado con compasión. Conclusión. Los niveles de empatía en general y, particularmente, del componente cuidado compasivo registraron aumento de primero a quinto año (mayor en mujeres que en hombres), lo que evidenció un creciente desarrollo del componente afectivo de la empatía. El porcentaj e de crecimiento de la empatía en general y de los componentes vinculados a sus aspectos cognitivos registró escaso nivel de desarrollo.
