Influence of the maxillary third molars and the surrounding cortical plate during maxillary tooth movement with TADS- A CBCT Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the presence/absence of third molars and intact/loss of cortical plate of the maxillary tuberosity on the amount of distal movement of the maxillary first permanent molar during distal movement of the maxillary dentition with mini-implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty six maxillary tuberosity sites were evaluated in eighteen young adult patients. The distal movement of the entire maxillary dentition was performed with mini-implants with 200 g of distalising force applied from the mini-implant placed in the maxillary posterior buccal region to attachments placed on the arch wire between the maxillary lateral incisor and canine bilaterally. The distal movement of the maxillary first permanent molars was measured on lateral cephalograms. The maxillary tuberosity sites with intact cortical plate due to congenitally missing third molars or atraumatic extraction of third molars (G1), partial loss of cortical plate due to surgical removal of third molars (G2), fully erupted third molars (G4), third molars located at (G3), and below the cementoenamel junction (G5) were evaluated with cone beam computed tomography. One way Anova and Fisher LSD test was done. RESULTS: The order of greater to lesser amount of distal movement of the maxillary first permanent molar depending on the integrity of maxillary of tuberosity was partial loss of cortical plate, third molars at the cementoenamel junction, third molars below the cementoenamel junction, intact cortical plate and fully erupted third molars. CONCLUSION: The integrity of the cortical plate and the relative position of the maxillary third molar to the second molar influence the amount of distal movement of the maxillary first permanent molar during distal movement of the maxillary teeth with TADS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The amount of distal movement of the maxillary dentition appears to depend on the presence or absence of the third molars and the condition of the cortical plate in the region of the maxillary tuberosity and thereby greatly influence the outcome of treatment.

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lycopene, Vitamin E, and Lycopene-Vitamin E Combination Against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study.

Background Lycopene is a naturally occurring compound classified as a carotenoid, a group of pigments responsible for the vibrant colors observed in many fruits and vegetables. It is most commonly associated with red-colored fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, and papaya. Vitamin E encompasses a group of chemical compounds that share a structural relationship with alpha-tocopherol and are essential for the proper functioning of the human body. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and is known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination against oral pathogens for their potential application in the treatment of oral diseases. Materials and methods The potential antimicrobial effects of extracts derived from lycopene, vitamin E, and their combination were evaluated against oral commensals like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Three concentrations (25 µl, 50 µl, and 100 µl) of the extract were tested. Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) and Rose Bengal agar (RBA) bases were utilized to determine the zone of inhibition. And the experiments were repeated in triplicate for each group. Results The identification and assessment of the antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract, vitamin E extract, and their combination revealed the greatest efficacy at the highest concentration (100 µl) against all tested microbial strains. Notably, C. albicans exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to the other strains. Vitamin E had the least antimicrobial effect and combination had the highest antimicrobial effect. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrated substantial antimicrobial activity of lycopene and vitamin E. These findings suggest that lycopene and vitamin E can be harnessed in the development of diverse drug formulations for the treatment of oral diseases.

Assessment of electromyography in evaluating masseter muscle activity in oral submucous fibrosis with different treatment modalities: a systematic review

Electromyography (EMG) is used for the measurement of muscle activity to characterize the nature of muscle contraction in Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Aim: To assess the efficacy of EMG in evaluating masseter muscle activity in the management of OSMF. This review identified 73 records from standard databases which were rigorously screened with eligibility criteria and 3 clinical studies were identified based on our inclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed by the PEDro scale and data was synthesized with detailed characterization. The Risk of Bias assessment among studies was done using the ROBINS-I tool and a meta-analysis could not be done due to high clinical heterogeneity. Our result recommends that EMG be used as an objective prognosis assessment tool by quantifying the management of OSMF irrespective of the intervention applied. However, it is not to be considered the gold standard as of now with limited data pooled and needs to be further assessed with clinical trials. EMG can be advocated as a reliable adjunct assessment for measuring the interventional outcome of OSMF irrespective of treatment modalities.

La electromiografía se ha utilizado para medir la actividad muscular y caracterizar la naturaleza de la contracción muscular. Nuestra revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de EMG en la evaluación de la actividad del músculo masetero en el manejo de OSMF. Esta revisión identificó 73 registros de bases de datos estándar que se revisaron rigurosamente con criterios de elegibilidad y se identificaron 3 estudios clínicos según nuestros criterios de inclusión. La calidad de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la implementación de la escala PEDro y los datos se sintetizaron con una caracterización detallada. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo entre los estudios se realizó mediante la herramienta ROBINS-I y no se pudo realizar un metanálisis debido a la alta heterogeneidad clínica. Nuestro resultado recomienda que la EMG podría utilizarse como una herramienta objetiva de evaluación del pronóstico mediante la cuantificación en el manejo de OSMF independientemente de la intervención aplicada. Sin embargo, no debe considerarse el estándar de oro a partir de ahora con datos agrupados limitados, y debe volver a evaluarse en el futuro después de la disponibilidad de ensayos clínicos extensos. A partir de ahora, la EMG se puede recomendar como un equipo de evaluación complementario confiable para medir el resultado de la intervención de la fibrosis submucosa oral, independientemente de las modalidades de tratamiento.

Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect of lycopene and raspberry in-situ gel.

Preparation of an in-situ gel containing lycopene and raspberry plant formulation and analysis of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects is described. Lycopene is known for its anticancer and antioxidant activity. It induces apoptosis, thereby reducing the cancer cells, and also reduces the injury of cells due to oxidative activity. Similarly, raspberry also contains antioxidants properties which can help to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. This study includes extracts containing 25% of Raspberry and 10% lycopene, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, Carbopol, sodium chloride, and distilled water. This in-situ gel was then tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assay using DPPH (2, diphenyl 1-picryl- hydrazyl- hydrate) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), antioxidant assay revealed that the inhibition percentage was more with 50 µL (61.3) of gel and anti-inflammatory assay showed significant results with 10 µL (90.2) of gel. In-situ gel containing lycopene and Raspberry has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Comparing the efficacy of chemiluminescence with lugol's iodine versus toluidine blue in the diagnosis of dysplasia in tobacco associated oral lesions - A diagnostic study.

Background: Chemiluminescence is the production of light as a result of a chemical reaction. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) include both precancerous lesions and conditions that carry an increased risk of cancer. There are different etiological and risk factors for OPMDs such as smoking, alcohol consumption, infections such as viral and fungal, sun exposure and certain other genetic factors. The most common etiological factor for OPMDs is tobacco usage. Chemiluminescence is a light-based detection system and is very useful for detecting OPMDs for early intervention. Because it is a non-invasive procedure, it can be used to evaluate dysplastic changes in various OPMDs at their initial stage for timely intervention. Vital staining has also been used as a chair-side marker for delineating normal and dysplastic oral mucosal tissues. Aim: To compare the efficacy of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine to that with toluidine blue in diagnosing dysplastic changes in tobacco associated oral lesions. Methodology: A total of 84 patients with clinically suspicious oral mucosal lesions and OPMDs with tobacco habit history were included and randomly assigned to either of the diagnostic study groups (Group A: chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine or Group B: chemiluminescence with toluidine blue). All these patients were subjected to a histopathological examination (reference standard). Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were 91.7%, 66.7%, 84.6%, 80%, and 0.792 for chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine group (P = 0.001) respectively whereas for chemiluminescence with toluidine blue, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and ROC were 100%, 60%, 93.3%, 100% and 0.800 (P = 0.002), respectively. Conclusion: The combination of chemiluminescence with toluidine blue had a better diagnostic efficiency in detecting dysplasia in tobacco-associated oral lesions when compared to the group of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an inducible enzyme. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are considered as the early tissue changes that happen due to various habits such as smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco or stress. This alteration in the tissues alters the expression of MMP-9. The rationale of the review is to know the expression of MMP-9 in OPMDs. Hand searching and electronic databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect were done for mesh terms such as OPMDs and MMP-9. Eight articles were obtained, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles were assessed with QUADAS and data were extracted and evaluated. The included eight studies were done in 182 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases, 430 OPMDs (146 oral lichen planus, 264 leukoplakia and 20 oral submucous fibrosis) and 352 healthy controls evaluated for MMP-9. MMP-9 expression was found to be elevated in tissue, serum and saliva samples of OPMDs than in healthy controls. There is only one study in each serum and saliva samples to evaluate MMP-9. Saliva being noninvasive and serum being minimally invasive, more studies need to be done in both serum and saliva to establish MMP-9 as an early diagnostic marker in OPMDs to know its potential in malignant transformation.