ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Xinjiang. Methods: The information of reported malaria cases and epidemiological records from various sources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2015 was collected. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases were analyzed. Results: Seventy-seven malaria cases were reported in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2015, and all were imported cases. In detail, 42 cases ï¼54.5%ï¼ were reported during the time period of 2004-2009, with 24 laboratory diagnosed and 18 clinically diagnosed; 35 cases ï¼45.5%ï¼ were reported from 2010 to 2015, with 27 laboratory diagnosed and 8 clinically diagnosed. Among the 51 cases with laboratory diagnosis, 18 were falciparum malaria, 31 were vivax malaria, and 2 unidentified. The male-to-female ratio was 6.7 ⶠ1ï¼P<0.05ï¼. The age range of the patients was 14-75 years ï¼39.7 ± 13.3 yearsï¼, comprising 26.0% ï¼20/77ï¼ for the range of 31-40 years and 24.7% ï¼19/77ï¼ for the range of 41-50ï¼P>0.05 among the age groupsï¼. From the perspective of case sources, 28 cases ï¼36.4%ï¼ were imported from Africa and 49 casesï¼63.6%ï¼ from Asia (including other provinces of China). The interval from onset to final diagnosis ranged 1-320 days. Only 3 patientsï¼3.9%ï¼ were diagnosed within 24 h, and 59 patientsï¼76.6%ï¼ were not diagnosed until or over one week. In addition, 28 casesï¼36.4%ï¼ were reported by medical institutions at the provincial level, 15 casesï¼19.5%ï¼ were reported by medical institutions at the prefecture level, 5 casesï¼6.5%ï¼ were reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the rest 29 casesï¼37.7%ï¼ were reported at the county level or below. No secondary transmission was found. Conclusion: Most of the imported malaria cases during 2004-2015 were diagnosed with laboratory tests, reported by medical institutions, and were from Africa and Asia.
Subject(s)
Malaria, Vivax , Malaria/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Africa , Aged , China , Female , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
In 2015, WHO issued the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, which sets the target of reducing global malaria incidence and mortality rates by at least 90% by 2030. Although many countries have successfully achieved malaria elimination, they are facing the risk of imported malaria. In China, despite the acceleration of malaria elimination, imported malaria has become a potential threat to achieving complete malaria elimination. This paper reviews the worldwide research progress on risk assessment of secondary transmission of imported malaria, in the aim of providing reference for risk assessment of imported malaria and preventing secondary transmission in China.
Subject(s)
Malaria , Risk Assessment , China , Humans , IncidenceABSTRACT
Objective: An epidemiological survey was made on human intestinal protozoa in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) to evaluate recent control achievements and provide basis for making specific control strategies. Methods: Regions in Xinjiang were categorized by types of ecological system and geographical characteristics into five ecological areasï¼types I-Vï¼ according to the National Ecological Function Stratification issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection and Chinese Academy of Science and Technology. Stratification sampling was made in each ecological area. Feces from human of all ages were collected for morphological identification of protozoan species using the Iodine Liquid Direct Smear Method. Results: In the five ecological areas, 26 886 people from 132 survey sites in 39 counties (cities) were examined, with an examination rate of 81.47% ï¼26 886/33 000ï¼. The infection rate was 0.32%ï¼85/26 886ï¼. Four species of intestinal protozoa were detected, i.e., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, and Entamoeba coli, with an infection rate of 0.22% ï¼60/26 886ï¼, 0.03% ï¼9/26 886ï¼, 0.01% ï¼2/26 886ï¼ and 0.61% ï¼17/26 886ï¼, respectively. Of the five areas, the type IV area had the highest infection rate of 0.75%ï¼28/3 758ï¼ï¼P<0.05ï¼. Besides, the infection rate was higher in males ï¼0.24%, 33/13 623ï¼ than that in females ï¼0.39%, 52/13 263ï¼ ï¼P<0.05ï¼, higher in age ranges of 21-30ï¼1.40%, 16/3 959ï¼ and 31-40 yearsï¼0.46%, 22/4 799ï¼ than other age groups ï¼P>0.05ï¼, higher in housewives ï¼0.48%, 2/418ï¼ than those with other occupations, higher in the Hui group ï¼0.61%, 15/2 445ï¼ than that in other ethnic groups, as well as highest in populations with a primary education level ï¼0.37%, 35/9 375ï¼ and lowest in those with a college level or aboveï¼0.20%, 8/3 945ï¼. Conclusion: The human intestinal protozoa infection was at a low level in Xinjiang in 2015.
