ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renal and ureteric stones (RS) can form due to genetic, metabolic, environmental, and diet-hydration related factors. Studies have shown that patients with family history (FH) of RS have higher likelihood of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on 114 pedigrees to investigate the impact of FH on recurrence of RS and examine patterns of inheritance. Results: Family history of renal stone disease was found in 42% of all patients. There was a significant increase of stone recurrence in RS patients with a positive FH (p=0.001). Seventy-one percent of patients with recurrent stones had at least one family member with RS. Interestingly, male penetrance was higher in RS recurrence, where a greater proportion of males had no FH of RS, indicating that there may be other factors involved as well. Conclusion: Family history in RS patients should be continuously explored for the possible underlying genetic influence, whilst keeping in mind the dietary habits of the family.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective Urolithiasis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, with Pakistan belonging to the stone belt of Asia. The usage of the double J (DJ) stent is highly effective when it comes to the management of urolithiasis. However, studies investigating the side effects of DJ stent placement on sexual function in individuals are scarce. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of DJ stent placement on sexual function in women. Methods After obtaining ethical approval, a prospective study was conducted at a university hospital from June 2018 to September 2019. All sexually active women requiring semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) or flexible URS [retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)] were enrolled. Women with DJ stent placement (Group A) were compared to women who did not require DJ stent (Group B). The outcome variable was to assess temporary sexual dysfunction after DJ stent placement using the standardized Female Sexual Functionality Index (FSFI) in English or its validated vernacular version. The FSFI was completed at four weeks, and again at three months, following URS/RIRS. Results Of the 106 sexually active women initially included in the study, 69 were found to be eligible for final analysis. In Group A, the mean FSFI score at the initial presentation was 31.54 ±4.37. The mean FSFI score at four weeks was lower compared to the baseline score (0 time): 13.96 ±5.5 (p<0.05). At three months, the mean FSFI score returned to near baseline at 32.053 ±5.35 with no significant difference (p=0.65). In comparison to women in Group B, the mean FSFI score at four weeks was significantly lower in Group A (28.87 ±6.59 vs. 13.96 ±5.49; p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean FSFI scores at any of the three time points within Group B. Conclusion DJ stent insertion results in transient postoperative sexual dysfunction in women, which resolves spontaneously within a span of three months after stent removal.
ABSTRACT
Schistosomiasis is rarely seen in Pakistan and is generally not very high on the list of differential diagnoses. However, it is an important cause of haematuria in certain endemic areas. It can affect multiple organs including the bladder, liver and lungs. We present a case of a young Pakistani male, travelling to and from Africa, who presented with complains of haematuria and suprapubic discomfort. Final pathologic diagnosis was urinary schistosomiasis (hematobium species). This case is particularly notable for the characteristic sago nodules identified on cystoscopy. It is important to consider schistosomiasis in the differential of haematuria in such scenarios as it confers significant morbidity if left untreated. Key Words: Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma hematobium, Haematuria, Urinary bladder.
