ABSTRACT
The S100P protein stimulates cell proliferation and survival, thereby contributing to tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate S100P expression in the three subtypes of mucinous cystic tumors, cystadenomas, borderline tumors, and adenocarcinomas. The authors examined nuclear S100P expression in 60 mucinous ovarian tumor specimens, including 24 specimens of mucinous cystadenoma, 15 of borderline tumors, and 21 of adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed S100P expression followed one of three patterns: (1) Expressed in most nuclei of mucinous epithelial cells, (2) sporadic (spotted or patchy) expression, or (3) absent or rarely expressed in the nuclei of mucinous epithelial cells. Most adenomas showed the first expression pattern, and borderline tumors often showed a patchy expression pattern. Adenocarcinomas generally demonstrated absence of S100P expression. These data suggest that S100P is a useful histological marker to differentiate between benign, borderline, and malignant mucinous tumors of the ovary.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Calcium-Binding Proteins/analysis , Cystadenoma, Mucinous/chemistry , Neoplasm Proteins/analysis , Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry , Adenocarcinoma/chemistry , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Cystadenoma, Mucinous/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a persistent and chronic burning sensation in the mouth in the absence of any abnormal organic findings. The pathophysiology of BMS is unclear and its treatment is not fully established. Although antidepressant medication is commonly used for treatment, there are some medication-resistant patients, and a new treatment for medication-resistant BMS is needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technology approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of depression. Recent studies have found beneficial effects of TMS for the treatment of pain. A case of BMS treated successfully with daily left prefrontal rTMS over a 2-week period is reported here. Based on this patient's clinical course and a recent pain study, the mechanism by which TMS may act to decrease the burning pain is discussed.
Subject(s)
Burning Mouth Syndrome/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods , Burning Mouth Syndrome/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Drosophila shows bimodal circadian locomotor rhythms with peaks around light-on (morning peak) and before light-off (evening peak). The rhythm synchronizes to light and temperature cycles and the synchronization is achieved by two sets of clocks: one entrains to light cycles and the other to temperature cycles. The light-entrainable clock consists of the clock neurons located in the lateral protocerebrum (LNs) and the temperature-entrainable clock involves those located in the dorsal protocerebrum (DNs) and the cells located in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (LPNs). To understand the interaction between the light-entrainable and the temperature-entrainable clock neurons, locomotor rhythms of the mutant flies lacking PDF or PDF-positive clock neurons were examined. Under the light cycles, they showed altered phase of the evening peak. When exposed to temperature cycles of lower temperature levels, the onset of evening peak showed larger advance in contrast to those of wild-type flies. The termination of the peak also advanced while that of wild-type flies remained almost at the same phase as in the constant temperature. These results support our hypothesis that the PDF-positive light entrainable cells regulate the phase of the temperature entrainable cells to be synchronized to their own phase using PDF as a coupling mediator.
Subject(s)
Biological Clocks/physiology , Drosophila Proteins/physiology , Drosophila melanogaster/physiology , Neuropeptides/physiology , Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified , Biological Clocks/genetics , Brain/anatomy & histology , Brain/physiology , Circadian Rhythm , Drosophila Proteins/deficiency , Drosophila Proteins/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Genes, Insect , Locomotion , Mutation , Neuropeptides/deficiency , Neuropeptides/genetics , Photobiology , Photoperiod , TemperatureABSTRACT
It has been found that an indoor cultivation system of Crocus sativus L. is more favorable with regard to the quality of saffron, as compared to the usual cultivation in an open field. Carotenoid glucose esters increase from the period before blooming and reach the maximum in the full blooming period, and are sensitive for the presence of oxygen, light irradiation, and beta-glucosidase. Moreover, it is evident that storage of saffron at -20 degrees C promotes the constant supply of saffron with a homogeneous pharmacological activity.
