ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and parameters such as pregnancy, mode of delivery and other factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on a questionnaire administered to 761 patients. After their age, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries and history of connective tissue disease (CTD) were recorded, the data were analyzed using a chi2 test. RESULTS: In patients who are post-menopausal and over 40, both stress incontinence (SI) and urge incontinence (URI) were found to be significantly higher. It was also established that both SI and URI increased with the number of pregnancies. As the number of normal vaginal deliveries increased, the rate of both SI and URI increased, while increases in the number of cesarean sections affected neither SI nor URI. Among women who had had abortions, the rate of SI was higher, and it increased as the number of abortions increase. Neither the occurrence of abortions nor increased numbers of abortions influenced the rate of URI. In patients with CTD, both SI and URI increase. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence in women seems to be influenced by the mode of delivery, menopause, age and CTD.
Subject(s)
Connective Tissue Diseases/epidemiology , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/epidemiology , Urinary Incontinence, Urge/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Incidence , Parity , Poland/epidemiology , Postmenopause , Pregnancy , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Striae gravidarum, a clinical condition commonly seen in pregnant women, produces serious cosmetic problems and may lead to psychological problems. AIM: The present study investigated whether there was any relation between the presence of striae in primigravid pregnant women and blood vitamin C levels, and factors thought to contribute to the formation of striae such as family history, weight gained during pregnancy, smoking status, abdominal and thigh circumference, and age. METHODS: Overall, 69 primigravid women attending routine antenatal follow-up and, using prophylactic iron and vitamin preparations, underwent investigation. All were pregnant 36 or more weeks. Scoring was based on striae examination and whether striae were present. The relation between the presence of striae, vitamin C blood levels, and other factors was investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relation between the presence of striae and blood vitamin C levels (p = 0.046) and between the presence of striae and family history (p = 0.023). No significant relation was found between the presence of striae and age, weight gained during pregnancy, abdominal and thigh circumference, or smoking status. It was concluded that further, more comprehensive studies on the issue are required.
