ABSTRACT
A low-frequency dielectric response of a ferrofluid based on transformer oil and MnZn ferrite nanoparticles is investigated in a gradient magnetic field. Four ferrofluid samples of various nanoparticle concentrations were introduced into planar micro-capacitors located over a magnetized tip. The dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 200 kHz and in the local magnetic field up to 100 mT. The spectra exhibit a dielectric relaxation ascribed to nanoparticle interfacial polarization. The low-frequency spectrum of each ferrofluid decreases upon application of the magnetic field up to 20 mT. The decrease in dielectric permittivity is caused by a magnetic force acting on larger nanoparticles in the gradient magnetic field. It is assumed that the interfaces of the concentrated nanoparticles in the gradient field do not contribute to the effective dielectric response. This reduces the effective relaxation time and shifts the relaxation toward higher frequencies. The dielectric spectra are well described by a relaxation fit function consisting of one Havriliak-Negami and a conductivity term. The fitting confirms that the only effect of the gradient magnetic field on the dielectric spectra is the shift of the dielectric relaxation and the decrease of the amplitude in the imaginary permittivity. This behavior is evident from a master plot, where all dielectric relaxations are superimposed on a single line. The knowledge of the presented behavior of the ferrofluid may be valuable when applying a ferrofluid to sharply magnetized parts of various electrical equipment (wires, tips, screws, nails, edges) as a liquid dielectric medium.
ABSTRACT
The paper reports the study of magnetic field induced structures in magnetic nanofluid investigated through ultrasonic wave propagation. Modified Tarapov's theory is used to study variation in velocity anisotropy with magnetic field. The types of field induced structures depend upon the chemical structure of the carrier in which magnetic nanoparticles are dispersed. Our study indicates formation of fractals and chain respectively, in transformer oil and kerosene based fluid. This difference is explained on the basis of particle-particle interaction and particle-medium interaction.
ABSTRACT
The electron spin resonance (ESR) technique has been applied to study the spin dynamics in broad temperature range for rare earth doped Mn(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(1.9)Gd(0.1)O(4) (MZG5) magnetic fluid. Zero field cooled (ZFC) ESR spectra of MZG5 fluid exhibit an isotropic shift in the resonance field below 40 K, while the field cooled (FC) ESR spectra show a deviation from sin(2)θ behavior and an angle dependent hysteresis, this unambiguously points to the dominating unidirectional freezing of surface spins below 40 K. Above 60 K, the resonance field exhibits sin(2)θ behavior, indicating the uniaxial anisotropy contribution of core spin. This indicates that surface spin freezing temperature is around 40 K. The presence of surface spin freezing and the coupling between core and surface spins are further supported by cycle dependent FC ESR spectra measured at 20 K, which show the systematic increase in resonance field (H(res)) and intensity. The double peak behavior of blocking temperature distribution retrieved from ZFC-FC magnetization measurement is an additional corroboration of the existence of surface spin glass like layer.
ABSTRACT
An unusual emission of light is observed when a coherent light beam is passed through a mixture of a magnetorheological suspension and a ferrofluid that is subjected to a critical magnetic field. When first the incident light is removed and then the field is switched off, a flash of light is observed. In this Letter certain characteristics of this unusual emission are reported. Our findings suggest that a part of the incident light energy is magnetically trapped within the medium. Upon removal of the field, the same is released. Several physical phenomena that may give rise to such emission are discussed. The magnetically tunable emission will be useful to develop photonic devices.
ABSTRACT
In the present investigation we report the effect of capillary diameter and the direction of applied magnetic field on the rotational viscosity of water and kerosene based ferrofluids. We found that changes in the field induced rotational viscosity are larger in the case of water based magnetic fluid than that of kerosene based fluid. The field induced rotational viscosity is found to be inversely proportional to the capillary diameter and it falls exponentially as a function of the angle between the direction of field and vorticity of flow. Magnetophoretic mobility and hydrodynamic volume fraction of nanomagnetic particles are determined for above cases.
ABSTRACT
Magnetically induced elongation of magnetic nanocomposite micelles is observed microscopically. The superparamagnetic particles of double-surfacted water based ferrofluid are incorporated in spherical micelles of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTABr) mixed with sodium salicylate salt (NaSal). Under the application of an external magnetic field these spherical magnetic micelles deformed to ellipsoids. The shape distortion occurs instantaneously and disappears when the external field is removed. This magnetodeformational effect is analyzed using linear magnetization and Hookean elasticity.
ABSTRACT
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of magnetic fluids involving polydispersed Zn(0.5)Fe(0. 5)Fe(2)O(4) (FZ5) and Zn(0.7)Fe(0. 3)Fe(2)O(4) (FZ7) nanomagnetic particles are scanned from 4.2 to 300K. The FZ7 fluid exhibits certain distinct features below 40K which are different from FZ5 fluid. These include (i) an isotropic shift in resonance field in zero-field-cooled ESR study, (ii) deviation of resonance field from sin(2)theta behavior (where theta is the angle between axis of the particle and field) in field cooled (FC) sample and (iii) abrupt increase in anisotropy field for FC sample. The results are analyzed in light of the core-shell model for nanomagnetic particles.
ABSTRACT
Magnetically induced diffraction patterns by micron sized magnetic spheres dispersed in a ferrofluid disappear at a certain critical magnetic field. This critical field is found to depend on the concentration of the ferrofluid and on the volume of the magnetic spheres. We attribute this effect to the zero forward scattering by magnetic spheres as predicted by Kerker, Wang, and Giles [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 765 (1983)]. We suggest that such a dispersion can be used to study the optical analogues of localization of electrons in condensed matter, the Hall effect, and the anisotropic diffusion, etc. The combination of the micron sized magnetic spheres and the ferrofluid will also be useful to design magnetically tunable photonic devices.
ABSTRACT
Effective viscosity of a magnetic fluid as a function of applied magnetic field oriented in the perpendicular direction of the capillary flow is determined. Close agreement with the Shliomis expression derived on the basis of effective field method is observed.
