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1.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc ; 62(270): 114-117, 2024 Feb 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409973

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Maxillary sinus due to its proximity to posterior maxillary teeth could be affected by their pathology. Since cone beam computed tomography is the go-to for 3-D imaging in dental set-up. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of periodontal lesions among maxillary sinus mucosal thickening visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of a tertiary care centre from 01 February 2021 to 30 June 2021 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The medical records from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 were retrieved. The identification of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening of more than 3 mm, in cone beam computed tomography images, was registered separately for the right and left sinuses of each patient. The presence of periodontal lesions of posterior teeth was recorded. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 195 maxillary sinus mucosal thickening, periodontal lesions were found in 74 (37.95%) (31.14-44.76, 95% Confidence Interval) maxillary sinuses of 46 patients. The mean age was 53.67±12.72 years and 30 (65.21%) were males. Conclusions: The prevalence of periodontal lesions among maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in CBCT images was similar to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: cone beam computed tomography; maxillary sinus; periodontal disease; prevalence.


Subject(s)
Maxillary Sinus , Radiology , Male , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Female , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Maxillary Sinus/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
2.
Life Sci ; 332: 122106, 2023 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37730108

ABSTRACT

Cancers and cardiovascular diseases are the top two causes of death in the United States. Over the past decades, novel therapies have slowed the cancer mortality rate, yet cardiac failures have risen due to the toxicity of cancer treatments. The mechanisms behind this relationship are poorly understood and it is crucial that we properly treat patients at risk of developing cardiac failure in response to cancer treatments. Currently, we rely on early-stage biomarkers of inflammation and angiogenesis to detect cardiotoxicity before it becomes irreversible. Identification of such biomarkers allows healthcare professionals to decrease the adverse effects of cancer therapies. Angiogenesis and inflammation have a systemic influence on the heart and vasculature following cancer therapy. In the field of cardio-oncology, there has been a recent emphasis on gender and racial disparities in cardiotoxicity and the impact of these disparities on disease outcomes, but there is a scarcity of data on how cardiotoxicity varies across diverse populations. Here, we will discuss how current markers of angiogenesis and inflammation induced by cancer therapy are related to disparities in cardiovascular health.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Heart Failure , Neoplasms , Humans , Cardiotoxicity/etiology , Cardiotoxicity/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/therapy , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Inflammation/drug therapy , Biomarkers
3.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2023(8): rjad453, 2023 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37564058

ABSTRACT

Congenital epulis is a rare benign soft tissue lesion that occurs exclusively in neonates and usually develops from the alveolar mucosa at the frontal region of the maxilla. Lesions may be sessile or pedunculated, normal in color or reddish and vary in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Although spontaneous regression has also been reported, surgical excision is indicated for large tumors that may obstruct the airway and make feeding the child difficult. In this case report, we present a rare case of congenital epulis involving the right side of the maxillary alveolar mucosa in a neonate delivered vaginally at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavreplanchok, Nepal. The lesion was surgically removed by electrocautery, and histologic examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of congenital epulis. No complications occurred after surgery, and when the child was examined 6 months later, no evidence of recurrence noticed.

4.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2023(7): rjad426, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37496634

ABSTRACT

Total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a surgical procedure in which end-stage temporomandibular joint disorders are replaced with an alloplastic prosthesis between the mandible and the base of the skull when autogenous grafts are inadvisable. These alloplastic prostheses may be available as stock or custom-made prostheses consisting of the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa components. Although the first total temporomandibular joint prosthesis was used in the 1960s, we present the case of a 20-year-old female patient, probably the first case of total temporomandibular joint arthroplasty in Nepal, performed at Dhulikhel Hospital in Kavrepalanchok. The patient underwent bilateral TMJR with a custom joint prosthesis for recurrent TMJ ankylosis. Postoperatively, the patient noticed significant improvements in mouth opening, chewing ability, facial esthetics and, most importantly, her self-esteem and confidence.

5.
Int J Surg Case Rep ; 109: 108516, 2023 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37481977

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis can be effectively managed through the utilization of autogenous grafts or alloplastic TMJ prostheses. Alloplastic TMJ prostheses are available in two forms: stock or custom. Custom alloplastic TMJ prostheses represent an emerging treatment modality for TMJ ankylosis. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: A 47-year-old female patient presented with a 30-year history of complete inability to open her mouth, chew, speak, and be on a liquid diet. Bilateral TMJ ankylosis and a nine mm right-sided chin deviation were noted. A bilateral osteoarthectomy was performed, followed by reconstruction of the TMJ using a custom alloplastic TMJ prosthesis via an extended preauricular and submandibular approach. The abdominal fat pad was utilized for interposition to prevent recurrence. Genioplasty was carried out through a vestibular approach, shifting the chin nine mm to the left. Postoperatively, the patient achieved a 30 mm mouth opening, and correction of facial asymmetry resulting from chin deviation was observed. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Treatment options for TMJ ankylosis include autogenous grafts and alloplastic materials. Autografts have limitations such as prolonged surgery, resorption, undergrowth/overgrowth, donor site morbidity, and graft fracture. Stock alloplastic TMJ prostheses may not suit all patients due to anatomical variations. Thus, custom alloplastic TMJ prostheses have emerged as the preferred treatment modality for adult TMJ ankylosis. CONCLUSION: Custom alloplastic TMJ prostheses are considered an optimal treatment modality for reconstructing the TMJ in adult patients with TMJ ankylosis.

6.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc ; 61(257): 18-22, 2023 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37203913

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography is widely used as a mode of investigation in the field of dentistry. Although presenting a three-dimensional picture of head and neck structures it does carry drawbacks in the form of artifacts which not only degrade image quality but a repeat of the radiograph leading the patient to radiation exposure again. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of artifacts among cone beam computed tomography images of patients visiting tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on cone beam computed tomography images of patients in the archives of dental radiology at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology wherein all cone beam computed tomography radiographs of patients after taking an ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee from 1 January 2019 to 19 March 2022 were included in the study. The study included 780 image of patients. Convenience sampling was used. The artifact when present was noted and categorised as inherent artifacts, procedure-related artifacts, introduced artifacts and patient motion artifacts. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 780 cone beam computed tomography image patients, artifacts were seen in 665 (85.25%) (82.76-87.74, 95% Confidence Interval) study images. Conclusions: The prevalence of artifacts among cone beam computed tomography images of patients is similar to the studies done in similar settings. Keywords: artefact; cone beam computed tomography; radiation.


Subject(s)
Artifacts , Radiology , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
7.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc ; 61(266): 762-764, 2023 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38289784

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Examination of the tongue and knowledge of its variation can aid clinicians in correctly assessing the cause of a patient's complaint. Despite World Health Organization recommendations to encourage more epidemiological assessment of oral mucosal variations and lesions, the volume of literature in this area is limited. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of fissured tongues among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a tertiary care centre. Data was collected from 12 March 2023 to 10 May 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the same institute. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Out of 540 patients, the prevalence of fissured tongue was 73 (13.51%) (10.63-16.40, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 34 (46.57%) were males and 39 (53.42%) were females. Conclusions: The prevalence of fissured tongue among patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology was higher than other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: anatomic variation; fissured tongue; Nepal; oral mucosa; prevalence.


Subject(s)
Radiology , Tongue, Fissured , Female , Male , Humans , Tertiary Care Centers , Cross-Sectional Studies , Radiography
8.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2429: 533-545, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35507187

ABSTRACT

Cancer cells sharing stem cell properties are called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs). CSCs have distinct metabolic properties, are intrinsically drug resistant evading chemotherapies, are regulated by miRNA networks and participate in tumor relapse and metastases. During metastatic dissemination, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) invade distant organs and settle in supportive niches. In this process, the stem cell-like properties within CTCs contribute to CTC survival and eventually seed the growth of a secondary tumor. We herein describe methodologies for the analysis of CTCs as they reside in distinct functional pools with distinct characteristics.


Subject(s)
Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Count , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
9.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc ; 59(236): 350-355, 2021 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34508539

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Gonial angle measurements serve as an important parameter of the craniofacial complex and are usually studied on lateral cephalograms, but recently panoramic radiographs have also been used. The aim of this study is to measure the gonial angle using orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram based on age, gender, ethnicity, and skeletal malocclusion in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 350 selected radiographs of apparently healthy individuals collected for a period of one year, from the Department of Oral Radiology of a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Gonial angle measurements were recorded from digital panoramic radiograph (both right and left side) and lateral cephalogram. Data was collected in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and skeletal malocclusion and then statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. RESULTS: The mean gonial angle for panoramic right, left and lateral cephalogram was 122.490±7.570, 123.620±7.060, and 124.150±6.910, respectively. There was a decrease in the mean values of the gonial angle observed as age advances seen in all the radiographs. The gonial angle measured in Class III malocclusion was higher in all the radiographs, followed by Class II and Class I. Gonial angles obtained in females were higher than the males in all the radiographs. Finally, the Aryan population showed a higher gonial angle compared to the Mongolian population in all the radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Panoramic radiograph (left side), could be considered as a reliable tool to measure the gonial angle.


Subject(s)
Mandible , Cephalometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Radiography, Panoramic , Tertiary Care Centers
10.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(12)2021 Jun 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34204338

ABSTRACT

Fresh compact bone, the candidate graft material for bone regeneration, is usually grafted for horizontal bone augmentation. However, the dense calcified structure inhibits the release of growth factors and limits cellular and vascular perfusion. We aimed to create mechano-chemically altered dense skull bone by ultrasonic treatment, along with partial demineralization using commercially available acidic electrolyzed water (AEW). The parietal skull bone of an 11-month-old Wistar rat was exposed and continuously treated with a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler tip for 1 min, using AEW (pH 2.3) or distilled water (DW, pH 5.6) as irrigants. Treated parietal bone was removed, cut into plates (5 × 5 × 1 mm3), grafted into the back subcutaneous tissues of syngeneic rats, and explanted at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. AEW bone showed an irregular surface, deep nano-microcracks, and decalcified areas. SEM-EDS revealed small amounts of residual calcium content in the AEW bone (0.03%) compared to the DW bone (0.86%). In the animal assay, the AEW bone induced bone at 2 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the area of new bone in the AEW bone at 2 and 3 weeks was significantly larger. This new combination technique of AEW-demineralization with ultrasonic treatment will improve the surface area and three-dimensional (3D) architecture of dense bone and accelerate new bone synthesis.

11.
Clin Case Rep ; 8(2): 351-354, 2020 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32128187

ABSTRACT

Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst that bears similarity to several other odontogenic lesions. Till 2017, only 169 such cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we describe one more case of it occurring in a 35-year-old female patient.

12.
Adv Cancer Res ; 145: 29-47, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32089164

ABSTRACT

The G coupled protein receptor CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) has the unusual characteristic in humans of being a developmentally non-essential gene that participates in several pathological processes including infection with HIV (Dean et al., 1996; Gupta et al., 2019; Samson et al., 1996), progression of stroke (Joy et al., 2019), osteoporosis (Xie et al., 2019) and the metastasis of cancer (Jiao et al., 2018; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) (Reviewed in: Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). The importance of CCR5 in HIV led to recent genetic engineering of humans to recreate a non-functional CCR5 gene. Thus, although the application of gene-editing tools, to manipulate human embryos is prohibited in the United States, and China. at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong (http://www.nationalacademies.org/), it was claimed that CRISPR-Cas9 systems had been used to edit the CCR5 gene in twin baby girls. The importance of CCR5 in stroke has led to clinical trials using maraviroc (NCT03172026). The key function of CCR5 in cancer metastasis and homing (Jiao et al., 2018; Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Velasco-Velazquez et al., 2012, 2014) has led to three active clinical trials for metastatic cancer using CCR5 antagonists (Jiao, Nawab, et al., 2019; Jiao, Wang, & Pestell, 2019). Thus, it was surprising to find that the all-cause mortality rate in individuals who are homozygous for the CCR5△32 allele in the United Kingdom normal population was increased >20% increase, with an almost 2 year reduction overall lifespan (Wei & Nielsen, 2019). The current review herein discusses the distinct functions of CCR5 in human disease and potential avenues for further research.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Receptors, CCR5/metabolism , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis , Signal Transduction
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