ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed in our study to research the role of new cytokines such as IL-35, IL-22, and IL-17 that may form a target for novel treatment approaches. METHODS: IL-10, IL-17, TGF-ß, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-35 serum levels of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients were measured using ELISA method. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by the skin prick test. Patients only with olive tree sensitivity were evaluated for seasonal AR (SAR). Patients only with mite sensitivity were included in the study for perennial AR (PAR). AR clinic severity was demonstrated by the nasal symptom scores (NSS). RESULTS: In total, 65 AR patients (patient group), having 31 PAR and 34 SAR patients, and 31 healthy individuals (control group) participated in the study. Cytokine levels between the patient group and the control group were compared; IL-17 (p = 0.038), IL-22 (p = 0.001), and TGF-ß (p = 0.031) were detected as high in the patient group, and IFN-γ (p < 0.001) was detected as low in the patient group. When correlation analysis was made between age, gender, prick test result, NSS, AR duration, and cytokine levels in the patient group, a negative correlation was detected only between IFN-γ (p = 0.032/r = -0.266) level and NSS. CONCLUSIONS: Accompanied by the literature information, these results made us think that T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important role in AR immunopathogenesis. It is thought that future studies to be conducted relating to this subject will form new targets in treatment.
Subject(s)
Interferon-gamma/blood , Interleukins/blood , Rhinitis, Allergic/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Functional Laterality , Vision, Ocular , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Ocular Physiological Phenomena , TurkeyABSTRACT
One thousand and ninety-one healthy Turkish children were tested with the Denver II developmental screening test and the data were analysed for sex and sociocultural differences. Few and inconsistent differences were observed between boys and girls. On the other hand, there were marked differences between sociocultural groups, particularly in terms of fine motor and language areas and in older preschool children. The effect of maternal education on the child's development is more important in countries where preschool education is not commonly available. Whether this effect diminishes after 1 or 2 years of schooling is to be investigated.
