Prevalence of Scabies in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period and Determination of Risk Factors for Scabies: a Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast Turkey.

BACKGROUND: There is an increase in the incidence of scabies in Turkey, which started before the Covid-19 pandemic, and this situation is considered as an epidemic. With this study, we aimed to reveal the prevalence of scabies during the pandemic period and the risk factors that are effective in the transmission of scabies. METHODS: Our study was performed as a cross-sectional study in 376 patients who applied to our dermatology outpatient clinic between 1st and 30th April 2021. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, living space, health behavior, and health care utilization of the patients were questioned. RESULTS: The prevalence of scabies was determined as 10.9%. Features such as sex, area of residence, age, formal education status, employment status, total income, number of shower, number of people per room, water source, and heating method, which were found to be significant as a result of the double test, were included in the logistic regression analysis. Scabies was found 2.728 times (CI 1.325-5.557) more in those who live in rural areas than those who live in urban areas, 2.714 times (CI 1.365-5.451) more in men than women, 2.707 times (CI 1.256-5.833) more in nonworking than working, 2.354 times (CI 1.057-5.243) more in those with less than 9 showers per month than those with 9 or more showers per month. CONCLUSION: During the Covid-19 pandemic period, the prevalence of scabies in Turkey is increasing and it is becoming a serious health problem. Our study emphasizes this increase and determines the risk factors for transmission.

Ureteroureterostomy irrespective of ureteral size or upper pole function: a single center experience.

OBJECTIVE: Although ureteroureterostomy (UU) is an established procedure for the treatment of duplex anomalies, there may be a reluctance to apply this approach to patients with poor upper pole function and/or marked degrees of ureteral dilation. METHODS: An institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing UU between 2006 and present was performed. All patients underwent an end-to-side anastomosis with a double-J stent left in the lower pole ureter. Laparoscopic repairs were done 'high' and open repairs were done 'low'. If the upper pole ureter remained massively dilated after transection, the ureter was partially closed to reduce the length of the anastomosis. Data collected included demographics, diagnosis, surgical interventions, imaging studies and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients (43 renal units) were identified. There were 35 females and six males with an average age at surgery of 2.3 years (range 55 days to 15.9 years) and an average follow up of 2.8 years. Diagnosis included ureterocele (17), ectopic duplex ureter (25) and ureteral triplication (1). Thirty-six patients underwent UU only and five underwent UU with simultaneous lower pole reimplantation. Twelve of the 41 patients (29%) underwent laparoscopic repair. Twelve of the 43 renal units (28%) required ureteral tapering, of which three were performed laparoscopically. Preoperative median upper pole function was 17% (0-35%). Six patients had no measurable function and ten had < 15%. No patient developed lower pole hydronephrosis in the follow-up period. There were two complications: one patient was found to have a post-operative ureterovesical junction (UVJ) stricture and the second had an anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Ureteroureterostomy is a safe and effective technique for the reconstruction of duplex anomalies, even with a massively dilated and poorly functioning upper pole moiety. With no identifiable negative effect on the lower pole system, the concept of automatically removing 'dysplastic' upper pole segments can be challenged.

Congenital eventration of the diaphragm in children: 25 years' experience in three pediatric surgery centers.

Eventration of the diaphragm is generally defined as an abnormal elevation of all or a portion of an attenuated but otherwise intact diaphragmatic leaf. Previous studies have indicated that eventration is a relatively rare condition, which can be symptomatic and requires surgery. We aimed to evaluate our patients with diaphragmatic eventration, and to discuss their characteristics in the light of the relevant literature. We retrospectively analyzed age, sex, incidence, location of the eventration, symptoms, associated anomalies, surgical technique, complications and survival in our patients. Between 1974 and 1999, 33 patients were treated in the Pediatric Surgery Departments of Ege University, SSK Children's Hospital and Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, 18 of them boys and 15 girls. The ages of our patients ranged from three days to 12 years. All of the patients had at least one of the respiratory symptoms such as cough, respiratory distress and fever; 3 newborns were admitted with severe respiratory distress while children belonging to higher age groups had symptoms of acute or recurrent pulmonary infections and failure to thrive. The eventration was right-sided in 22, 11 eventrations were left-sided. Diagnosis was performed with the help of a number of radiological studies such as fluoroscopic investigation, contrast study of the upper gastrointestinal system, direct X-ray graphies of the thorax, CT scan and ultrasonography, as necessary. Surgery was performed via thoracotomy in 20 patients and the 12 other patients underwent laparotomy for plication. One patient underwent thoracoabdominal plication. Two patients died because of cardio-respiratory complications in the early postoperative period and the rest of them survived to annual follow-ups. In conclusion, diaphragmatic eventration is an important condition which can eventually be mortal. Early diagnosis is necessary and plication is the treatment of choice.

Primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma arising within cystic adenomatoid malformation: a case report and review of the literature.

The current report describes a 13-month-old boy with primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) that originated within a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). To the best of our knowledge, he is the youngest patient of all primary pulmonary RMS cases reported in the English-language literature. The tumor, localized in left upper lobe, was removed completely, and histologic examination showed embryonal subtype. Postoperative systemic chemotherapy was carried out. Recent evaluation 15 months after resection has not identified any residual or recurrent disease. Primary pulmonary RMS, although very rare in the pediatric age group, should be considered in young patients with solitary pulmonary masses and associated cystic lesions.