Sobrepeso, obesidad y factores de riesgo en adultos aparentemente sanos, Ayacucho, Perú / Overweight, obesity and risk factors in apparently healthy adults, Ayacucho, Peru

Fundamentos: Múltiples son los factores relacionados con la condición de sobrepeso y obesidad, como el tipo de alimentación, factores psicológicos como trastornos alimenticios, factores ambientales o actividad física, entre otros. Factores que a su vez, se interrelacionan y motivaron la determinación de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y los factores de riesgo asociados, presentes en adultos aparentemente sanos de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en una muestra de 240 personas aparentemente sanas, de ambos sexos, entre 18 y 41 años de edad, a quienes se les tomaron los valores de peso y talla para el índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y respondieron a una encuesta sobre actividad física. Resultados: De acuerdo al IMC, el 25% presentó sobrepeso y el 2,08% obesidad. El 80% y 70% de los que tienen obesidad y sobrepeso respectivamente, afirmaron nunca realizar actividad física. El 30% de los hombres y el 20% de las mujeres presentaron CC superior al punto de corte. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de alteraciones nutricionales como sobrepeso y obesidad, presentan como factor de riesgo relevante la falta de actividad física y como factor protector el índice CC. (AU)

Background: There are multiple factors related to the condition of overweight and obesity, such as the typeof diet, psychological factors such as eating disorders, environmental factors, physical activity, among others. These factors, in turn, are interrelated and were the reason to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the associated risk factors present in apparently healthy adults of the National University of San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study in a sample of 240 apparently healthy people, of both sexes between 18 and 41 years of age, who underwent weight and height measurements for body mass index(BMI), waist circumference (WC) and responded to a survey on physical activity. Results: According to the BMI, 25% were overweight and 2.08% obese. Eighty percent and 70% of those with obesity and overweight, respectively, stated that they had never engaged in physical activity. Thirty percentof the men and 20% of the women presented WC above the cut-off point. Conclusions: The development of nutritional alterations such as overweight and obesity, present as a relevant risk factor the lack of physical activity and as a protective factor the WC index. (AU)

Efecto de la masticación de Erythroxylum coca Lamarck (Coca) sobre los niveles de colesterol y triglicérido sérico en personas altoandinas / Effect of chewing of Erythroxylum coca Lamarck (Coca) on cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in high andean people

La investigación tuvo como objetivo, determinar el efecto de la masticación de Erythroxylum coca Lamarck (Coca) sobre los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos séricos en personas altoandinas, la población fue de 100 personas altoandinas, 50 mujeres y 50 varones como masticadores, conformando grupos control con personas no masticadoras. Previa entrevista y los exámenes de laboratorio se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, para el grupo control: los niveles de colesterol (201.75 mg% varones y 193.50 mg% mujeres) y niveles de triglicéridos (174 mg% varones y 134 mg% mujeres). En comparación con el grupo de problema o masticadores: cuyos niveles de colesterol (155 mg % varones y 150 mg % mujeres) y niveles de triglicéridos (84 mg % varones y 55 mg % mujeres) siendo estadísticamente significativos con la prueba de ANVA y el coeficiente de correlación simple es positiva y directa. Por lo que se concluye: que las personas que realizan la masticación de hojas de coca no son obesas. Además, el extracto de hojas de coca no facilita la digestión de alimentos grasos como el colesterol y triglicéridos al inhibir la actividad enzimática.

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of chewing Erythroxylum coca. Lamarck (Coca) on serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in high Andean people, the population was 100 high Andean people, 50 women and 50 men as chewers, forming control groups with non-chewers. After an interview and laboratory tests, the following results were obtained for the control group: cholesterol levels (201.75 mg % men and 193.50 mg % women) and triglyceride levels (174 mg % men and 134 mg % women). Compared with the problem group or chewers: whose cholesterol levels (155 mg % men and 150 mg % women) and triglyceride levels (84 mg % men and 55 mg % women) being statistically significant with the ANVA test, and the simple correlation coefficient is positive and direct. Therefore, it is concluded: that people who chew coca leaves are not obese. In addition, the extract of coca leaves does not facilitate the digestion of fatty foods such as cholesterol and triglyc-erides by inhibiting the enzymatic activity.

Copper (II) complexes of [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-parasitic agents.

Anti-proliferative effects are described for newly synthesised copper (II) complexes of two triazolo-pyrimidine derivatives (1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, tp, and 5,7-dimethyl 1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, dmtp) against to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana. Of the compounds assayed, those that presented the ligand tp and auxiliary ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (C24b, C49) were most highly active against to T. cruzi with IC(50) within the range of the reference drug benznidazole. These compounds, together with C35 were the most effective against L. (V.) peruviana with an IC(50) greater than that presented by reference drugs (Pentostam and Glucantim). These compounds were not toxic to the host cell. IC(25) diminished the infection capacity and severely reduced the multiplication of intracellular forms of T. cruzi, and L. (V.) peruviana. In the case of T. Cruzi, the transformation to trypomastigote was seriously depressed. Copper (II) complexes C24b, C49 and C35, acted on the energy metabolism of the parasites at the level of the NAD(+)/NADH balance and at the level of the organelle membranes, causing degradation and cell death.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for superoxide dismutase-excreted antigen in diagnosis of sylvatic and Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis of Peru.

A superoxide dismutase excreted by promastigote forms of L. (Viannia) peruviana (SODe-Lp), L. (Viannia) brazilensis (SODe-Lb), and L. (L.) amazonensis (SODe-La) is tested to evaluate its potential value as a diagnostic tool of mucocutaneous and Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis. We used 45 sera with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (SL) and 68 with Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). SODe-Lp antigen was recognized by 94% of the serum from ACL patients, and the SODe-Lb antigen was recognized by 93% of the serum from SL patients. Meanwhile, the result for SL and ACL patients with SODe-La antigen was 69% and 43% and SODe-Li was 11% and 9%, respectively. This suggest that antibodies to SODe-Lp undergo further response in patients with ACL and the antibodies to SODe-Lb do so preferentially in patients with SL. The SODe ELISA may be useful in endemic areas for discriminative assays between patients with different forms of leishmaniases and those with other clinical conditions.