Combined effects of acetaminophen, isopropylantipyrine and caffeine on pregnant and nonpregnant liver.

The common effects of acetaminophen (APA), isopropylantipyrine (IPA) and caffeine on liver were examined in rats. The preparations were given in Tween-80 solution once daily, in a constant proportion of 5:3:1, during days 8 to14 of gestation (S1, S2, S3 groups) or between days 8 and 14 of the experiment in nonpregnant female Wistar rats (S1-NP, S2-NP, S3-NP groups). The administration was in three different doses: doses S1, S1-NP-3.5 mg/kg APA, 2.14 mg/ kg IPA, 0.7 mg/kg caffeine; doses S2, S2-NP were 10 times higher; and doses S3, S3-NP 100 times higher than doses S1, S1-NP There were two control groups (T, T-NP) with Tween-80. At day 21 of gestation/experiment blood was taken for determination of activity of alanine (ALA) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase, lactate (LDH) and glutamate (GLDH) dehydrogenase, levels of bilirubin (BIL), urea (URE), total protein (TP) and thymol turbidity test (TTT). The liver sections were examined by light microscopy with four stains: hematoxylin and eosin (H+E), silver Gomori, van Gieson and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase in the GLDH (S3-NP, S2, S3 groups) and AST, LDH (S3 group) activity, a decrease in URE (S2, S3 groups) and decrease in TP (S3-NP, S2, S3 groups) compared to the corresponding control group. Significant differences were noted in activity of AST, GLDH, and levels of the URE and TP between pregnant and nonpregnant females. The treatment resulted in minimal reactive and degenerative changes in light microscopic pattern of liver.

Analysis of the course and the ostium of the oblique vein of the left atrium.

Considerating the origin of the coronary sinus and the oblique vein of the left atrium, both are remnants of the left horn of the embryonal venous sinus. The studies were carried out on 100 human cadaver hearts. The causes of death were not cardiac reasons, no detectable changes in the coronary arteries. In the study, dissections and corrosion technique were used. Heart veins were filled by metacrylan through the coronary sinus. The beginning, the course, the tributaries and the ostium oblique vein of the left atrium to the coronary sinus were investigated. The variability of the length and the venous tributaries and the ostium of the oblique vein of the left atrium were noticed. The variability of the venous tributaries (the dendritic, forked and simple types of the tributaries) was noticed. Four groups of ostium were observed. The ostium oblique vein of the left atrium was situated at the level of: the posterior vein of the left ventricle and also the great cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, the great cardiac vein and the independence ostium.

The cords of the brachial plexus in postnatal life in man.

The cords of the brachial plexus--lateral, medial and the posterior one, which belong to its structure have been known for a long time (3, 4, 15), but there is a lack of publications concerning their internal structure in available literature. The investigation and comparison of some features of the internal structure of brachial plexus cords gave interesting results, which are collected in this paper.

[Comparison of ultrasonographic results of the breast with progesterone levels in women with fibrocystic mastopathy]. / Porównanie wyników badan ultrasonograficznych sutka z poziomem progesteronu u kobiet z mastopatia fibrocystyczna.

Measuring the level of progesterone in 80 women who according to the ultrasound images had fibrocystic mastopathy. I've concluded by comparing the ultrasound images with the measurement of hormones that there was conformity of 75%.

[Calcifications visible in mammographic examination as a diagnostic problem]. / Zwapnienia uwidocznione w badaniu mammograficznym jako problem diagnostyczny.

Mammography can detect various types of calcification in the breast. Their correct estimation enables detection of the breast cancer in situ. In our research there have been analyzed various types of calcification available on radiograms, which have been placed in publications. The aim was to find out which of them could be characteristic for cancer. Calcifications that are seen in mammography can be divided into: microcalcifications, macrocalcifications in galactophorous ducts, in blood and sympatic vessels. Pathogenesis of microcalcifications is not explained. There exist hypotheses which claim that they are caused by focuses of necrosis, changes in acid mucopolysaccharides in the midst of galactophorous ducts or in mitochondria. Differentiation between microcalcifications and macrocalcifications is based on variations in size, shape and radiological changes which they accompany.

The accessory root of the medial fascicle of the brachial plexus in man.

The continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk usually forms the medial fascicle. Sometimes the accessory root (2, 3, 10), derived from the middle trunk, takes part in its formation. Studies devoted to this root's internal structure have not been published yet, therefore I decided to work on some of its features. The study was performed on 264 medial fascicles obtained bilaterally from the cadavers of sixty one males and seventy one females who died between the first day and eighty seventh year of life. The methods used to visualize different structures of brachial plexus, to obtain and fix the sections, to stain the slides and to determine thickness of the examined parts of peripheral nervous system, number of fascicles, and the index of their cross-section area were described in the previous papers (9, 10).

[Fascicular structure of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus in human post-fetal life]. / Budowa peczkowa pnia srodkowego splotu ramiennego w zyciu pozaplodowym czlowieka.

Thickness of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus, size of cross-section area of its fascicles, number of fascicles and size of index of the fascicle's area has been examined bilaterally on bodies of 34 males and 34 females who died at the age between the 11th and 86th year of life. The middle trunk was present in all the cases and it always made continuation of the root of the brachial plexus coming from C7. The internal structure of the middle trunk is characterized by a great individual variability and asymmetry. The examined features of the middle trunk underwent big changes in postnatal life, mostly up to 22nd year of life. The thickness of the trunk increased 3.5 times, the size of the cross-section area of fascicles--3.2 times, and the number of fascicles by 59%, but the index of fascicle's area decreased by over 11%. The participation of fascicles of different thickness in the structure of the trunk also changed.