ABSTRACT
Cancer prevention is a system of various measures devoted to avoid this disease. Primary cancer prevention means the identification, avoidance, or destruction of known risk factors. The main risk factors are smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, occupational factors, environmental pollution, electromagnetic radiation, infection, medicines, reproductive hormones, and lack of physical activity. Approximately one-third of cancers can be avoided by implementing various preventive measures. The aim of this article was to acquaint medical students, family doctors with risk factors of main cancer sites (lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate).
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Estrogens/physiology , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prospective Studies , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation status and anti-oxidant defenses in chronic hemodialysis patients comparison with healthy persons (control group). Forty-six hemodialysis patients were included in the study group and 66 healthy persons in control group. We determined the plasma levels of malondialdehyde as s biomarker of oxidative stress and the concentration of ceruloplasmin and activity catalase as antioxidant defenses. Our investigation indicate that the concentration of malondialdehyde increased 1.7 times in hemodialysis patients and activity of catalase decreased in 56.2% cases. Hyperlipidemia was evaluated in 20% of patients and hypoalbuminaemia in 6.6%. Most of these patients (48.8%) were found to have a history of occlusive vascular artery disease either coronary (17.7%), cerebral (11.1%) or peripheral (15.5%) occlusive disease. In conclusion these results suggest that intensity of lipid peroxidation and decreased plasma antioxidant potential in association with hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminaemia may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
