High prevalence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in blood donors during a dengue outbreak and an endemic period in Colombia.

Objective: Arboviruses pose a challenge in ensuring the supply of pathogen-free blood components because they are not routinely screened in blood banks, and blood components from infected asymptomatic donors could be transfused. This study aimed to detect and characterize arboviral infections in Colombian blood donors. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and co-infections of blood donors were compared between an epidemic period (November 2019-February 2020, n = 462) and an endemic period (November 2021-August 2022, n = 1,119). Viral RNA from each donor serum was purified, and the viruses were detected using a previously standardized multiplex hemi-nested RT-PCR protocol. Subsequently, donors who tested positive were surveyed 15 days after the detection of the virus to identify clinical characteristics related to the arboviral infection. The prevalences of each virus were presented as percentages and compared between epidemic and endemic periods. Results: Significantly higher prevalences were found in the epidemic period compared with the endemic period for DENV (14.5 vs. 1.9%), ZIKV (7.8 vs. 0.3%), CHIKV (8 vs. 3.3%), and co-infections (4.3 vs. 0.2%). The survey response rate of positive donors in the two periods was 83/175 (47%). In total, 57% of the donors surveyed were asymptomatic. Symptomatic donors most frequently reported headache (31%), malaise (13%), arthralgia (10%), and fever/chills (8%). Conclusion: The prevalence observed in epidemic and endemic periods was higher than that reported in other studies in the Americas. The high proportion of asymptomatic cases found, in addition to the mild and nonspecific manifestations among the symptomatic, may limit the effectiveness of the donor selection criteria used to mitigate the risk of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses.

Digital Microscopy Augmented by Artificial Intelligence to Interpret Bone Marrow Samples for Hematological Diseases.

Analysis of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) is an essential step in the diagnosis of hematological disorders. This analysis is usually performed based on a visual examination of samples under a conventional optical microscope, which involves a labor-intensive process, limited by clinical experience and subject to high observer variability. In this work, we present a comprehensive digital microscopy system that enables BMA analysis for cell type counting and differentiation in an efficient and objective manner. This system not only provides an accessible and simple method to digitize, store, and analyze BMA samples remotely but is also supported by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) pipeline that accelerates the differential cell counting process and reduces interobserver variability. It has been designed to integrate AI algorithms with the daily clinical routine and can be used in any regular hospital workflow.

The Crawford variant as a cause of RhD typing discrepancies in blood banks: A case report.

We present the case of a 55-year-old Colombian male who showed a discrepancy in the serological typing of the RhD antigen in his first platelet donation. The discrepancy persisted after a serological investigation with multiple Anti-D monoclonal reagents (IgG and IgM) under different conditions (22°C and 37°C, saline, and LISS/Coombs). Furthermore, partial RhD typing was performed, obtaining negative results with a commercially available panel of six Anti-D reagents. Molecular analysis showed a homozygous deletion of RHD and heterozygosity for the Crawford variant (RHCE*ce, RHCE*ceCF), with a predicted phenotype of C-, c+, E-, e+, Vs+, V+. Following the investigation of this case, this man has made 14 platelet donations showing variable reactivity, with agglutinations ranging from - to 2+. Since Crawford red blood cells express some RhD antigen epitopes, they could cause alloimmunization in RhD negative receptors. Likewise, Anti-D alloantibodies have been documented in Crawford variant carriers. Therefore, it is recommended that carriers of this variant be classified as RhD positive if they are blood donors and RhD negative if they are transfusion recipients. Also, in pregnant women carrying a Crawford variant, Anti-D immunoprophylaxis is recommended.

Deferral due to low hemoglobin and predictors of permanence in the blood donation system of repeat female blood donors.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the deferral rate due to low hemoglobin (Hb) in repeat female blood donors and identify the factors affecting their permanence in the blood donation system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 8,368 repeat female blood donors who donated from January 2012 to December 2018 were included. Bivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to identify the covariates possibly associated with developing low Hb, and Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust for all confounders. RESULTS: The global deferral rate due to low Hb was 2.4 %. According to baseline Hb, the frequency of low Hb was 0.7-4.1 %, and it was higher in platelet donors (5.8-9.1 %) than in whole blood donors (1.9 %). The main predictors were baseline Hb (compared to the first quartile; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.487 for the second quartile; 0.234 for the third; and 0.095 for the fourth); change in Hb (HR = 2.689 for a >0.49 g/dL change, compared to smaller changes); the type of donation (compared to whole blood donors, HR = 2.317 for platelet donors); and donation interval (compared to >12.5 month intervals; HR = 2.220 for 8.0-12.5 months; HR = 5.658 for 5.4-8.0 months; and HR = 9.452 for <5.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: In female blood donors at moderate altitude, the probability of developing low Hb increases with a baseline Hb of 13.5-14.0 g/dL, with a change in Hb >0.49 g/dL, in platelet donors, and with donation intervals <12.5 months. These four predictive factors can be used together for early identification of donors at risk of developing low Hb, to institute appropriate measures.

Impact of smoking and physical inactivity on self-rated health in women in Colombia.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between poor and fair self-rested health, smoking, and leisure-time physical inactivity in Colombian women. A cross-sectional study using the data from the 2010 Colombian National Demographics and Health (ENDS) and Nutritional Situation (ENSIN) Surveys was conducted. Multivariate logistic analysis for self-perceived health status in 12,431 women aged 13-49 years old and 8224 women aged 18-64 years old were performed. Independent variables included smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity, anthropometric and socio-demographic information. Current smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity were associated with poor and fair self-rated health status (OR 1.78, CI 1.41, 2.25; OR 1.30, CI 1.03, 1.62; respectively). Other significantly associated variables were age (OR 1.68, CI 1.46, 1.92 for 30-49 years; OR 2.32, CI 1.96, 2.74 for 50-64 years), socio-economic strata (OR 7.24, CI 3.81, 13.76 for strata 1-3), educational level (OR 1.70 to 2.77 compared to technical or university), obesity (OR 0.81, CI 0.70, 0.93 for normal body mass index), geographical region (OR 0.67, CI 0.53, 0.85 for Bogotá, compared to Amazon and Orinoco regions), and no affiliation to health system (OR 1.22, CI 1.03, 1.44). Smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity were significantly associated with poor and fair self-rated health in Colombian women. Promoting leisure-time physical activity and implementing smoking cessation strategies specifically in female population, mainly from low to medium strata are suggested to improve their self-perceived health status and control chronic noncommunicable diseases.

Morphological and electrical disturbances after split-flow fractionation in murine macrophages.

Split-flow fractionation (SPLITT) is a family of techniques that separates in the absence of labeling using very low flow rates and force fields, and is therefore expected to minimize cell damage. Although it has been documented that separation methods cause physiological changes in immune cells that are attributable to mechanical stress and antibody labeling, SPLITT has not yet been examined for possible damaging effects of hydrodynamic stress, partly because it is assumed that the low flow rates and weak forces used in this technique do not generate significant mechanical stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SPLITT on cell function of a murine macrophage cell, and to compare these effects with those induced by centrifugation. Macrophages J774.2 were cultured in RPMI-enriched media, then detached from the culture flask and resuspended for 12 h. Cell suspensions were diluted in a buffered saline solution and exposed to SPLITT (flow rates 1-10 ml/min) or centrifugation (100-1500g) for 10 min. Cell viability, diameter, membrane potential, and nitric oxide production were measured. Under the operating conditions employed, cell viability was above 98% after SPLITT and centrifugation but cells suffered immediate hydrodynamic cell damage, including decreased cell diameter and membrane hyperpolarization which was inhibitable by 4-aminopyridine; nitric oxide production was not affected. Pressure values during SPLITT and centrifugation correlated with diameter and membrane potential. Our data do not support the assumption that SPLITT is innocuous to cell function. Some changes in SPLITT channel design are suggested to minimize cell damage. Membrane potential and cell diameter are sensitive indicators for the evaluation of sublethal damage in different cell models, and allow identification of optimal operating conditions on different scales.

In vitro kinetics of reticulocyte subtypes: maturation after red blood cell storage in additive solution-1 (AS-1)

ABSTRACT Background: Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells containing RNA remnants. Their population kinetics has been documented under various in vivo and in vitro conditions, including after storage of red blood cells in blood banks. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of blood bank storage on the kinetics of reticulocyte disappearance by in vitro culturing. Method: Samples of reticulocyte-enriched fractions (Percoll density-gradient) were obtained over different storage times from six red blood cell units stored in additive solution-1 (AS-1). Reticulocyte fractions were then cultured in enriched media at 37 ºC and analyzed by flow cytometry with thiazole orange taking into account hemolysis. Results: Density-gradient enriched reticulocyte fractions were obtain from standard red blood cell units with <1% of reticulocytes. An exponential drop of reticulocytes was observed in cultures. The time taken for reticulocyte disappearance in cultures was shorter with increased blood bank storage time (144 ± 46 h at 0.5 weeks of storage and 15 ± 14 h in the sixth week). High fluorescence reticulocytes disappeared completely in 42.5 ± 8.5 h, medium fluorescence reticulocytes in 73.4 ± 20.8 h and low fluorescence reticulocytes in 269.9 ± 98.8 h in red blood cell units stored for half a week. These times significantly decreased in red blood cell units stored for more time. Conclusion: In vitro reticulocyte disappearance was significantly faster after prolonged storage of red blood cell units at 4 ºC. The in vitro half-life at 0.5 weeks of storage was not significantly different from the values reported for fresh venous blood, but after the sixth week of storage, the half-lives were shorter. The possible explanation is that blood bank storage does not cause irreversible damage to the human reticulocyte maturational machinery.

Inactividad física en el tiempo libre y auto percepción del estado de salud de colombianos entre los 18 y 64 años / Leisure time physical inactivity and self-perception of health status in colombian adults from 18 to 64 years old

Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre la inactividad física en el tiempo libre y la auto percepción del estado de salud en la población colombiana entre 18 y 64 años de edad reportados en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional (ENSIN) y Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) año 2010. Metodología: El diseño del estudio es analítico de corte transversal y pretende con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia (ENSIN) y la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y salud (ENDS) 2010, explorar la asociación entre inactividad física en el tiempo libre y auto percepción del estado de salud de los colombianos entre 18 y 64 años. Resultados: Para el 2010, en mujeres, la inactividad física explica una regular y mala auto percepción de la salud (OR=1,37; IC95% 1,10-1,70) después de haber ajustado por factores de confusión. Variables como edad, nivel escolar, afiliación al sistema de salud, estado civil, vivir en determinadas regiones como la oriental y Bogotá en mujeres también influyen en la auto percepción de la salud. En el grupo de los hombres no se observó que la inactividad física esté asociada con auto percepción regular o mala del estado de salud (OR=1,04; IC95% 0,85-1,29), pero sí la edad y la baja escolaridad. Conclusión: Niveles bajos de actividad física en el tiempo libre se asocian con regulares y pobres auto percepciones de salud en mujeres, mientras que en hombres no se observó esta relación, lo que hace necesario tener en cuenta otro tipo de variables que pueden modificar esta percepción

Objective: To explore the relationship between leisure time physical inactivity (PI) and self-perceived health status in the Colombian population between 18 and 64 years of age reported in the National Nutrition Situation Survey (ENSIN) and National Demography and Health Survey (ENDS) 2010. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study to explore the association between physical inactivity and self-perception of the health status of Colombians between 18 and 64 from the National Survey of Nutrition Situation in Colombia (ENSIN) and the National Demographic and Health Survey (ENDS) 2010. Results: PI explains a regular and poor self-perception of health (OR= 1.37; IC95% 1.10-1.70) in women after adjusting for confounding factors. Other associated variables included: age, educational level, affiliation to the health system, marital status, living in eastern region and Bogota. PI was not associated with self-perception of health status in men (OR=1.04; IC95% 0.85 - 1.29), but age and low educational level did show association. Conclusion: Low levels of leisure time physical activity were associated with regular and poor self-perceived health status in women, whereas in men this relationship was not observed

¿Es la grasa abdominal subcutánea un predictor de la variabilidad cardíaca en hombres con bajo riesgo metabólico? / Is the abdominal subcutaneous fat a predictor of heart rate variability in men with low metabolic risk?

Introducción: Aunque el sobrepeso/obesidad, adiposidad aumentada e inactividad física se asocian a menor variabilidad cardíaca y desregulación autonómica, no se ha explorado en detalle la relación entre estos factores en sujetos de bajo riesgo metabólico. Objetivo: Analizar el tipo y fuerza de asociación entre la variabilidad cardíaca en reposo y la adiposidad en hombres jóvenes, delgados y físicamente activos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se analizaron los componentes espectrales de la variabilidad cardíaca en 24 hombres de 18-30 años físicamente activos, con peso y adiposidad normales. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para explicar la variabilidad cardíaca en función de la relación cintura/cadera, pliegue abdominal y actividad física. Resultados: El volumen de actividad física semanal se relacionó positivamente con RMSSD y HF, y negativamente con LF y LF/HF. La relación cintura/cadera y el pliegue abdominal se relacionaron positivamente con HF y negativamente con LF y LF/HF. En todos los casos, los coeficientes de regresión β tipificados estuvieron entre 0,395 y 0,505 (p<0,05). El índice de grasa visceral calculado a partir de bioimpedancia no mostró relación alguna. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos aquí reportados son indicativos de que en hombres jóvenes, delgados y físicamente activos, la actividad física y la grasa subcutánea se relacionan positivamente con el tono vagal y negativamente con el tono simpático, lo que lleva a postular que la acumulación del exceso calórico en forma de tejido adiposo subcutáneo (y no visceral) podría ser un mecanismo de protección contra el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico en estos sujetos.

Objective: To measure the type and strength of the potential association between heart rate variability at rest and some indicators of adiposity in young, lean, and physically active men. Introduction: Although overweight/obesity, increased adiposity and physical inactivity are associated with decreased heart rate variability and autonomic dysregulation, the relationship between these factors has not been explored in detail in subjects with low metabolic risk: normal weight, low adiposity and physically active. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. The spectral components of heart rate variability were analyzed in 24 physically active men, 18-30 years old, with normal weight and adiposity. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explain heart rate variability as a function of waist to hip ratio, abdominal skinfod and physical activity. Results: The volume of weekly physical activity was positively related to RMSSD and HF, and negatively with LF and LF/HF. Both the waist to hip ratio and abdominal skinfold were positively related with HF, and negatively with LF and LF/HF. In all cases, the B regression standardized coefficients were between 0.395 and 0.505 (p<0.05). The visceral fat rating calculated from bioimpedance showed no relation. Conclusions: The findings reported here are indicative that in young, lean and physically active men, physical activity and subcutaneous fat are positively related to vagal tone and negatively with sympathetic tone. This leads us to postulate that the accumulation of caloric excess in the form of subcutaneous adipose tissue (not visceral) might be a protective mechanism against the development of metabolic syndrome in these subjects.

Acute hydrodynamic damage induced by SPLITT fractionation and centrifugation in red blood cells.

Though blood bank processing traditionally employs centrifugation, new separation techniques may be appealing for large scale processes. Split-flow fractionation (SPLITT) is a family of techniques that separates in absence of labelling and uses very low flow rates and force fields, and is therefore expected to minimize cell damage. However, the hydrodynamic stress and possible consequent damaging effects of SPLITT fractionation have not been yet examined. The aim of this study was to investigate the hydrodynamic damage of SPLITT fractionation to human red blood cells, and to compare these effects with those induced by centrifugation. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers. Samples were diluted in a buffered saline solution, and were exposed to SPLITT fractionation (flow rates 1-10 ml/min) or centrifugation (100-1500 g) for 10 min. Cell viability, shape, diameter, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and membrane potential were measured. Under the operating conditions employed, both SPLITT and centrifugation maintained cell viability above 98%, but resulted in significant sublethal damage, including echinocyte formation, decreased cell diameter, decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and membrane hyperpolarization which was inhibited by EGTA. Wall shear stress and maximum energy dissipation rate showed significant correlation with lethal and sublethal damage. Our data do not support the assumption that SPLITT fractionation induces very low shear stress and is innocuous to cell function. Some changes in SPLITT channel design are suggested to minimize cell damage. Measurement of membrane potential and cell diameter could provide a new, reliable and convenient basis for evaluation of hydrodynamic effects on different cell models, allowing identification of optimal operating conditions on different scales.

Capacidad aeróbica de bomberos aeronáuticos / Aerobic capacity of aeronautical firefighters

Introducción: Los bomberos aeronáuticos atienden las emergencias en aeropuertos y sus cercanías. Su trabajo implica actividades de baja intensidad por periodos largos y, durante emergencias, actividades de alta intensidad, por lo cual es necesario que tengan buena condición física. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad aeróbica de los bomberos aeronáuticos y sus factores determinantes. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, en una muestra de 23 hombres bomberos aeronáuticos. Se determinó el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) y umbral ventilatorio mediante ergo-espirometría (FitMate® Pro) durante un protocolo máximo sobre tapiz rodante. Se evaluó la composición corporal mediante adipometría. Se determinó el nivel de actividad física mediante el cuestionario internacional de actividad física IPAQ corto. Resultados y Discusión: El VO2máx fue 44,6±6,0 ml/kg/min y el umbral ventilatorio fue 40±11%. 48% de los sujetos realizaban actividad física moderada y 52% actividad física intensa. El VO2máx se correlacionó con la actividad física (r=0,72; p=0.000), y a su vez ésta con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (r= -0.46; p=0,027) e IMC (r= -0,43; p=0,039). Aunque 17 de 23 sujetos tenían IMC igual o superior a 25 kg/m², su grasa corporal se encontraba entre 12,5 y 22,8%. Conclusión: Aunque el VO2máx se encontró en buen nivel, por el tipo de tareas que los bomberos deben desarrollar durante la atención de emergencias, se sugiere mejorar el umbral anaeróbico, mediante entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. En bomberos, el IMC no parece ser adecuado para valorar riesgo cardiovascular, por lo que se sugiere utilizar el porcentaje de grasa corporal.

Introduction: Aeronautical firefighters manage emergencies at airports and nearby. Their work involves low-intensity activities for long periods and, in emergencies high intensity activities that require good physical condition. Objective: To determine the aerobic capacity of aeronautical firefighters and its determinant factors. Methods: Cross sectional study in 23 male aeronautical firefighters. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold was determined by ergospirometry (FitMate® Pro) during a maximum protocol on treadmill. Body composition was assessed by adipometry. Physical activity level was determined with the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. Results and Discussion: VO2max was 44.6 ± 6.0 ml/kg/min and ventilatory threshold was 4± 11%. 48% of subjects were classified with moderate physical activity and 52% with vigorous. VO2max was correlated with physical activity (r = 0.72; p = 0.000), and the last with the percentage of body fat (r = -0.46; p = 0.027) and body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.43; p = 0.039). Although 17 of 23 subjects had IMC≥25 kg /m², body fat was between 12.5 and 22.8%. Conclusion: Although VO2max was found in good level; because of the kind of tasks that firefighters develop during emergency attention, it is suggested to improve anaerobic threshold with high intensity intervals training. Among firefighters, BMI does not seem to be adequate to assess cardiovascular risk, and implementation of percentage of body fat is recommended.

Actividad física en el tiempo libre y autopercepción del estado de salud en Colombia / Leisure-time physical activity and self-perception of health status in Colombia

Introducción: La actividad física se considera un factor protector para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Encuestas a poblaciones suministran información sobre su estado de salud y factores relacionados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la asociación entre actividad física en el tiempo libre y autopercepción del estado de salud, según los datos de la encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional en Colombia de 2005. Material y métodos: Diseño observacional analítico de corte transversal. Un total de 14.601 sujetos colombianos (18-64 años), seleccionados mediante muestreo complejo, fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se seleccionaron variables relacionadas con autopercepción de la salud y se categorizó la actividad física según recomendaciones del cuestionario internacional de actividad física. Resultados: Mediante análisis de regresión logística se identificó mayor riesgo en las mujeres que reportaron bajo nivel de actividad física de percibir su salud como pobre, con respecto a las de alta actividad física (OR ajustado=1,92; IC95%, 1,19-3,10). En los hombres no se encontró tal evidencia (OR ajustado=0,80; IC95%, 0,62-1,03). Percepciones regulares y malas del estado de salud se relacionaron también con bajos niveles escolares en ambos sexos, y con falta de afiliación al sistema de salud en hombres(AU)

Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación entre un nivel vigoroso de actividad física en el tiempo libre y buena autopercepción del estado de salud en las mujeres, mientras que en los hombres no se encontró dicha asociación, siendo necesario contemplar en ellos otros hábitos y dominios. Buenas evaluaciones del estado de salud se asociaron a nivel educativo más elevado en ambos sexos y a la condición de afiliado al sistema de salud en hombres. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de direccionar políticas públicas hacia el fomento de la práctica de actividades físicas, garantizar el acceso a la educación y a la afiliación a un sistema de salud de la población(AU)

Introduction: Physical activity is a protective factor for developing chronic diseases. Population surveys provide information on its health status and related factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association between leisure-time physical activity and self-perceived health status, using data from the national survey of the nutritional situation in Colombia, 2005. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 14,601 subjects (18-64 years) from Colombia, selected through complex sampling. We selected variables related to self-perception of health and physical activity, and were categorized according to the international physical activity questionnaire's recommendations. Results: A logistic regression analysis identified increased risk in women who reported low levels of physical activity and perceived their health as poor, compared with high physical activity (adjusted OR=1.92; 95%CI, 1.19-3,10). In men no such evidence was found (adjusted OR=0.80; 95%CI, 0.62 to 1.03). Women and men with a low educational level, and men without access to the health system more often perceived their health as fair or poor. Conclusions: A vigorous level of leisure-time physical activity and good self-perceived health status were significantly associated in women, whereas in men this association was not found. Good health assessments were also associated with higher educational levels in both women and men, and with having access to the health system in men. These results suggest the need to address public policy towards promotion of physical activity, and ensuring access to education and the health system(AU)

Análisis de los componentes espectrales de la variabilidad cardíaca en hombres jóvenes entrenados: comparación del entrenamiento aeróbico y anaeróbico / Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in trained young men: comparison of endurance and resistance training

Introducción: La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) permite estudiar de forma no invasiva la modulación autonómica de la función cardiovascular. Según el principio de especificidad del entrenamiento, cada tipo de ejercicio produce adaptaciones específicas. Sin embargo, no se ha establecido si este concepto también es aplicable a la VFC. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo comparar los componentes espectrales de la VFC en hombres jóvenes entrenados aeróbicamente y anaeróbicamente. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico descriptivo de corte transversal. Se analizaron los componentes espectrales de la VFC en reposo a partir de registros cortos en 12 corredores, 10 levantadores de peso y 11 sujetos control, no activos físicamente. Resultados: Los sujetos entrenados aeróbicamente presentaron los valores más bajos en el componente de baja frecuencia (BF) y los valores más altos en el de alta frecuencia (AF), pero estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. El poder espectral total fue similar en todos los grupos (p=0,103), al igual que la relación del componente de BF dividido en el de AF (p=0,094). La frecuencia cardíaca en reposo en el grupo entrenado aeróbicamente fue significativamente menor con respecto al grupo entrenado anaeróbicamente (p<0,01) y al control (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los resultados no mostraron efecto del entrenamiento físico regular a largo plazo, ya fuese aeróbico o anaeróbico, sobre los componentes espectrales de la VFC. La bradicardia en reposo observada en nuestros sujetos de estudio entrenados aeróbicamente, no se explica por cambios en el control autonómico de la función cardiovascular(AU)

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive tool for studying autonomic modulation of cardiovascular function. According to the specificity principle of training, each type of exercise causes specific adaptations. However, whether this concept also applies to HRV has not been established. The aim of this study was to compare the spectral components of HRV between endurance-trained and strength-trained young men. Material and methods: Cross sectional analytical descriptive study. Spectral components of HRV at rest were analysed from short records in 12 runners, 10 weight lifters and 11 not physically active control subjects. Results: Endurance-trained subjects showed the lowest values in the low frequency component (LF) and the highest values at high frequency (HF), but these differences were not statistically significant. Total spectral power was similar in all groups (P=.103), as well as the ratio of low frequency components divided into high frequency (LF/HF) (P=.094). Heart rate at rest in aerobically trained group was significantly lower compared to strength-trained group (P<.01) and controls (P<.001). Conclusions: The results showed no effect of long-term regular aerobic or anaerobic physical training, on spectral components of HRV. In our aerobically trained subjects, rest bradycardia was not explained by changes in the autonomic control of cardiovascular function(AU)

Transfusión de sangre almacenada, efectos colaterales / Storaged blood transfusion. Collateral effects

La transfusión de sangre es uno de los procedimientos terapéuticos más utilizados en la práctica médica actual. Sin embargo, no carece de riesgos, especialmente cuando se transfunden varias unidades de sangre a un mismo paciente, o éste se encuentra en estado crítico. Se revisaron algunas de las reacciones adversas transfusionales generadas específicamente a partir de la lesión de almacenamiento que sufren los glóbulos rojos en banco de sangre

Alteraciones bioquímicas de los eritrocitos almacenados en condiciones estándar de banco de sangre / Erythrocytes blood bank storage

La forma más habitual de almacenamiento de eritrocitos es en fase líquida. Durante el almacenamiento se producen cambios deletéreos que disminuyen la viabilidad y funcionalidad en el receptor y conllevan a efectos colaterales. Se revisaron los mecanismos que generan los cambios bioquímicos de los eritrocitos