ABSTRACT
Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation have traditionally been employed in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency. However, this form of management can have serious adverse effects, mainly infections and barotrauma. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been shown to be an effective alternative, as it reduces both the frequency of complications and cost of care. In fact, NIV is currently the first choice treatment for acute respiratory insufficiency in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or who are immunocompromised. It is also commonly applied in patients with asthma, pneumonia, and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Correct indication and training in use of NIV equipment is necessary to ensure success and facilitate patient tolerance.
Subject(s)
Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Acute Disease , Equipment Design , Humans , Masks , Patient Selection , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapyABSTRACT
La intubación endotraqueal con ventilación mecánica convencional es el tratamiento habitual de la insuficiencia respiratoria. Sin embargo, a veces se pueden producir efectos secundarios importantes, fundamentalmente de tipo infeccioso y por barotrauma. La ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI),ha demostrado ser una alternativa eficaz, ya que disminuye la incidencia de complicaciones y reduce costes. De hecho, en el momento actual se considera de primera elección en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) reagudizada y en inmunocomprometidos, además se utiliza habitualmente en pacientes con asma, neumonía y edema agudo de pulmón. Una correcta motivación y entrenamiento de todo el equipo que utiliza estas técnicas, es imprescindible para asegurar su éxito y favorecer la tolerancia por el paciente
Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation have traditionally been employed in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency. However, this form of management can have serious adverse effects, mainly infections and barotrauma. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)has been shown to be an effective alternative, as it reduces both the frequency of complications and cost of care. In fact, NIV is currently the first choice treatment for acute respiratory insufficiency in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or who are immunocompromised. It is also commonly applied in patients with asthma, pneumonia, and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Correct indication and training in use of NIV equipment is necessary to ensure success and facilitate patient tolerance
Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Acute Disease , Equipment Design , Masks , Patient Selection , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapyABSTRACT
AIDS concerns anaesthetic practice for various reasons. First, this syndrome can affect different organs that have anaesthetic implications. Second, drugs usually taken by the patient can interact with anaesthetic agents. And last, the risk of infection for health workers must be taken into account, as well as the procedure to follow after accidental injures.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Anesthesia , Anesthetics , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/physiopathology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Drug Interactions , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient , Preoperative Care , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) preocupa al anestesiólogo por diferentes motivos. En primer lugar, puede alterar la función de distintos órganos condicionando la práctica anestésica. En segundo lugar, la medicación que precisan estos enfermos puede desencadenar interacciones con los anestésicos. Por último, se debe conocer el riesgo que supone para el trabajador sanitario y la conducta a seguir en caso de lesión accidental (AU)
No disponible
