ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury is associated with the late development of neurodegenerative diseases such as the synucleinopathies. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) constitutes an early manifestation of the synucleinopathies. We assessed whether lifetime history of concussive episodes is common in IRBD and examined its characteristics and clinical significance. METHODS: Prior exposure to concussions was evaluated by interviewing polysomnographically-confirmed IRBD patients and controls without IRBD, and by the BRAIN-Q questionnaire. RESULTS: We recruited 199 IRBD patients aged 73.2 ± 7.7 years and 168 age and sex matched controls. Previous history of concussion was more common in patients than in controls (21.1% versus 10.1%, p = 0.004). In patients, concussions occurred at the age of 24.7 ± 20.6 years. The interval between concussion and IRBD diagnosis was 43.0 ± 19.0 years. There were no differences between patients and controls in the causes of concussions (e.g., traffic accidents, sport practice), and number of events resulting in skull fractures, urgent medical assistance, and hospitalization. After a follow-up of 5.7 ± 4.7 years from IRBD diagnosis, 21.1% patients developed an overt synucleinopathy with an interval of 49.3 ± 24.2 years between concussion and synucleinopathy diagnosis. The risk to develop a synucleinopathy was similar between patients with and without concussions (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Previous history of concussion is common in IRBD. Our observations may suggest that in individuals with increased susceptibility, early-life concussions may trigger a slow neurodegenerative process leading four decades later to IRBD. This study highlights the need for head injury prevention, particularly in early life.
Subject(s)
Brain Concussion , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder , Synucleinopathies , Humans , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/epidemiology , REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/etiology , Brain Concussion/complications , Brain Concussion/epidemiology , BrainSubject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/blood , Relapsing Fever/diagnosis , Serologic Tests/methods , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bites and Stings , Borrelia/drug effects , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Female , Fever/diagnosis , Fever/etiology , Humans , Mexico , Middle Aged , Relapsing Fever/blood , Relapsing Fever/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Ticks/microbiologyABSTRACT
The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential in children. We report the case of a 9 years old child with a SPT localized in the pancreatic head. She underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with favorable evolution. The PD in high-volume centers is safe in both adults and children.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Pancreaticoduodenectomy , Child , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: La celulitis orbitaria es una enfermedad infecciosa muy frecuente en la edad pediátrica que puede provocar el desarrollo de severas complicaciones. Los principales microorganismos involucrados son Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Moraxella catarrhalis, que juntos corresponden al 95% de los casos. También se pueden presentar Streptococcus beta hemolíticos y microorganismos anaerobios, que corresponden a menos del 5% de los casos. Se presenta un caso poco frecuente de celulitis orbitaria complicada por absceso subperióstico ocasionado por Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo A). Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 9 años de edad con antecedente de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad desde los 5 años de edad. Inició su padecimiento actual por presentar eritema en canto externo del ojo derecho; posteriormente, aumento de volumen periorbicular con limitación de apertura palpebral, progresión a proptosis, dolor a los movimientos oculares y secreción conjuntival purulenta. Los estudios de imagen subperióstico reportaron absceso y preseptal derecho con celulitis extraocular. Se inició manejo empírico con antibióticos, drenaje quirúrgico y cultivo del material purulento. De este, se aisló Streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusiones: Debido a la implementación de los esquemas de vacunación desde la década de los 90 contra H. influenza y S. pneumoniae, los casos por estos patógenos han disminuido, provocando que nuevas bacterias tomen su lugar como causantes de la infección. La importancia de considerar a S. pyogenes como etiología de celulitis orbitaria radica en la rápida progresión para la formación de abscesos, así como los pocos casos descritos en la literatura.
Abstract: Background: Orbital cellulitis is an infectious disease that is very common in pediatric patients, in which severe complications may develop. Etiological agents related to this disease are Haemophilus influenzae B, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, which correspond to 95% of cases. Moreover, Streptococcus beta hemolytic and anaerobic microorganisms may also be present corresponding to < 5% of the cases. We present an uncommon case of cellulitis complicated by sub-periosteal abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus). Case report: A 9-year-old male patient with a history of deficit disorder and hyperactivity since 5 years of age. His current condition started with erythema in the external edge of the right eye, increase in peri-orbicular volume with limitation of eyelid opening, progression to proptosis, pain with eye movements and conjunctival purulent discharge. Image studies reported subperiosteal abscess and preseptal right with extraocular cellulitis. The patient started with empirical antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage and culture of purulent material from which Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated. Conclusions: Due to the implementation of vaccination schemes against H. influenza and S. pneumoniae since the 90s, the cases by these pathogens have decreased, causing new bacteria to take place as the cause of the infection. The importance of considering S. pyogenes as an etiology of orbital cellulitis is the rapid progression to abscess formation, and the few cases described in the literature.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Abscess/diagnosis , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Disease Progression , Abscess/microbiology , Abscess/drug therapy , Orbital Cellulitis/microbiology , Orbital Cellulitis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
El tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas (TSP) en niños es una neoplasia rara en este grupo etareo y con bajo potencial de malignidad. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 9 años con TSP de cabeza de páncreas que fue resecado mediante una pancreatoduodenectomía (PD) con evolución favorable. La PD en centros de alto volumen de cirugías de páncreas es segura tanto en adultos como en niños.
The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential in children. We report the case of a 9 years old child with a SPT localized in the pancreatic head. She underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with favorable evolution. The PD in high-volume centers is safe in both adults and children.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , PancreaticoduodenectomyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Orbital cellulitis is an infectious disease that is very common in pediatric patients, in which severe complications may develop. Etiological agents related to this disease are Haemophilus influenzae B, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, which correspond to 95% of cases. Moreover, Streptococcus beta hemolytic and anaerobic microorganisms may also be present corresponding to < 5% of the cases. We present an uncommon case of cellulitis complicated by sub-periosteal abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus). CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old male patient with a history of deficit disorder and hyperactivity since 5 years of age. His current condition started with erythema in the external edge of the right eye, increase in peri-orbicular volume with limitation of eyelid opening, progression to proptosis, pain with eye movements and conjunctival purulent discharge. Image studies reported subperiosteal abscess and preseptal right with extraocular cellulitis. The patient started with empirical antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage and culture of purulent material from which Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the implementation of vaccination schemes against H. influenza and S. pneumoniae since the 90s, the cases by these pathogens have decreased, causing new bacteria to take place as the cause of the infection. The importance of considering S. pyogenes as an etiology of orbital cellulitis is the rapid progression to abscess formation, and the few cases described in the literature.
Subject(s)
Abscess/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Abscess/drug therapy , Abscess/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Child , Disease Progression , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Humans , Male , Orbital Cellulitis/drug therapy , Orbital Cellulitis/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Solid pseudo papillary tumor of the pancreas is considered a neoplasm of low malignant potential. The radicality of surgical approach is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We describe and analyze retrospectively the clinical, radiological, laboratory, operative report and pathology results of seven patients who were diagnosed and operated by solid pseudo papillary tumor of the pancreas in the period 2003 to 2010, in our institution. RESULTS: Six patients were female and one male. The median age was 35 years (range: 15-49). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (100%). Jaundice in one patient (14.3%). The radiological appearance mixed solid-cystic was the most common. We performed four Whipple procedures (57.1%), 2 distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (28.6%), one by laparoscopy and the other by local resection. Morbidity presented in four patients. There was no postoperative mortality or reoperation. Five tumors were located in the pancreatic head (71.4%) and two in the tail (28.6%). The median tumor size was 93 mm (range: 20-150). Two (28.6%) were R1 resections. Four tumors showed malignant behavior (57.1%): splenic capsule and infiltration of metachronous liver metastases (1), infiltration of superior mesenteric artery (1), lymphatic metastasis (1) and synchronous liver metastases, and lymphovascular invasion duodenal infiltration (1). There was no mortality from the disease during the average follow-up of 26 months (range 6-70 months). CONCLUSION: Solid pseudo papillary tumor is a neoplasm with high malignant potential in our experience. We recommend an aggressive surgical approach with radical resection including lymphadenectomy.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El tumor sólido pseudopapilar del páncreas es considerado una neoplasia de bajo potencial maligno, por lo que la radicalidad del abordaje quirúrgico es aún controversial. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se describe y analiza en forma retrospectiva los datos clínicos, radiológicos, de laboratorio, el reporte operatorio y el resultado patológico de 7 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados y operados por tumor sólido pseudopapilar del páncreas en el período 2003 al 2010, en nuestra institución. RESULTADOS: Seis pacientes fueron de sexo femenino y uno masculino. La mediana de edad fue 35 años (rango: 15-49). El síntoma más frecuente fue dolor abdominal (100%). Se presentó ictericia en un paciente (14.3%). La apariencia radiológica mixta sólido-quística fue la más frecuente. En 5 pacientes el tumor se localizó en la cabeza del páncreas(71.4%) y en 2 se ubicó en la cola (28.6%). La mediana del tamaño tumoral fue de 93 mm (rango: 20-150) Se realizó 4 procedimientos de Whipple (57.1%), 2 pancreatectomías distales con esplenectomía (28.6%), una por vía laparoscópica y una resección local. En 2 casos (28.6%) se encontró el borde de sección pancreático comprometido. Se presentó morbilidad en 4 pacientes. No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria, ni reoperaciones. Cuatro tumores mostraron comportamiento maligno (57.1%): infiltración de cápsula esplénica y metástasis hepática metacrónica (1), infiltración de arteria mesentérica superior (1), metástasis linfática (1) y metástasis hepática sincrónica, infiltración duodenal e invasión linfovascular (1). No se detectó mortalidad por la enfermedad durante el período de seguimiento que fue en promedio 26 meses (rango: 6-70 meses). CONCLUSIÓN: El tumor sólido pseudopapilar es una neoplasia con alto potencial maligno en nuestra experiencia, por lo que recomendamos una actitud quirúrgica agresiva, con resecciones radicales incluyendo linfadenectomía.
BACKGROUND: Solid pseudo papillary tumor of the pancreas is considered a neoplasm of low malignant potential. The radicality of surgical approach is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We describe and analyze retrospectively the clinical, radiological, laboratory, operative report and pathology results of seven patients who were diagnosed and operated by solid pseudo papillary tumor of the pancreas in the period 2003 to 2010, in our institution. RESULTS: Six patients were female and one male. The median age was 35 years (range: 15-49). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (100%). Jaundice in one patient (14.3%). The radiological appearance mixed solid-cystic was the most common. We performed four Whipple procedures (57.1%), 2 distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (28.6%), one by laparoscopy and the other by local resection. Morbidity presented in four patients. There was no postoperative mortality or reoperation. Five tumors were located in the pancreatic head (71.4%) and two in the tail (28.6%). The median tumor size was 93 mm (range: 20-150). Two (28.6%) were R1 resections. Four tumors showed malignant behavior (57.1%): splenic capsule and infiltration of metachronous liver metastases (1), infiltration of superior mesenteric artery (1), lymphatic metastasis (1) and synchronous liver metastases, and lymphovascular invasion duodenal infiltration (1). There was no mortality from the disease during the average follow-up of 26 months (range 6-70 months). CONCLUSION: Solid pseudo papillary tumor is a neoplasm with high malignant potential in our experience. We recommend an aggressive surgical approach with radical resection including lymphadenectomy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Pancreas/surgery , Pancreas/pathologyABSTRACT
El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) de tipo inatento es una de las alteraciones neurocomportamentales más comunes de la niñez y una de las causas de consulta más frecuentes en la edad escolar. Se caracteriza por alteraciones básicas en las funciones ejecutivas e inhibición de la conducta. Objetivo: describir las características neuropsicológicas y sociodemográficas de un grupo de niños varones con déficit de atención/hiperactividad de predominio inatento. Pacientes y métodos: se seleccionaron 16 varones entre 7 y 11 años, de acuerdo con la lista de síntomas del DSM IV como TDAH de tipo inatento. Se consideraron las siguientes variables: edad, estrato socioeconómico, motivo de consulta, escolaridad, antecedentes personales, familiares y de desarrollo, tipología familiar y signos neurológicos blandos. Las características neuropsicológicas se evaluaron mediante una batería de pruebas psicométricas tales como la Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para niños (WISC-R) con mediciones que permiten obtener un Coeficiente estimativo (CI). La Prueba de atención de la batería de Luria-DNA (diagnóstico neuropsicológico de adultos), para evaluar la vigilancia y el control mental. El Test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin (WCST) para medir la función ejecutiva. La Prueba de Stroop para inhibición de la conducta. Las subpruebas Pareo Visual y Tachar que evalúan la velocidad de procesamiento y focalización selectiva. Y las de Análisis, Síntesis y Formación de Conceptos que evalúan la función ejecutiva; estas cuatro subpruebas pertenecen a la Batería de Habilidad Cognitiva Woodcock-Muñoz. La Prueba de K-ABC utilizando las subpruebas Movimientos de manos, que evalúa la secuenciación, y la de Orden de palabras para medir el control de interferencia. Resultados. En la subprueba Pareo Visual WM se halló que 37,5% de los niños estaban en riesgo y que 18,8% eran clínicamente significativos; en el WCST el indicador Aprender a aprender mostró un mayor compromiso con un 37,5% en riesgo y clínicamente significativo. Conclusión. En general, de acuerdo con las pruebas WISC-R, Woodcock Muñoz, Wisconsin y K- ABC, se puede decir que la mayoría de nuestros pacientes se encontraban en las categorías promedio y favorable; las pruebas que identificaron más situaciones de riesgo y clínicamente significativas fueron el Woodcock Muñoz y el Wisconsin, que evalúan la velocidad de procesamiento, la focalización selectiva de la atención y la función ejecutiva.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with predominance of inattention is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders during childhood, and a frequent reason for consultation. It is characterized by basic alterations in the executive functions and by behavioral inhibition. Objective: to describe the neuropsychological and sociodemographic characteristics of a group of predominantly-inattentive boys with ADHD, in Medellín, Colombia. Patients and methods: 16 boys, aged 7 to 11, were selected on the basis of the DSM IV checklist for the inattentive type of ADHD. The following variables were taken into account: age, socioeconomic stratum, reason for consultation, schooling, personal and familial background, development, family typology, and soft neurological signs. The neuropsychological characteristics were evaluated with a battery of psychometric tests that included: the Wechsler´s Intelligence Scale for children (WISC-R) with measurements to determine the Estimated Intellectual Coefficient (IC). The Attention test of the Luria-DNA battery in order to evaluate attention and mental control. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to measure the executive function. The Stroop test for behavioral inhibition. The Woodcock Munoz (WM) cognitive hability battery subtests Visual Matching, and Cross out, to evaluate the speed of processing and selective focalization; also the Analysis-Synthesis and Concept formation that evaluate the executive function. Two subtests of KABC test were also included, namely: Hand movements to evaluate sequential processing, and Word order to measure interference control. Results: in the Visual matching subtest of the WM battery, we found that 6 out of the 16 boys (37.5%) were at risk and that 3 (18.8%) were clinically significative. In the dimension Learn to learn of the WCST, 6 boys (37.5%) were at risk and clinically significative. Conclusion: in general, according to the results obtained in the WISC-R, Woodcock-Munoz, Wisconsin and K-ABC, most of our patients were in the average and favorable categories. The tests that identified more at risk and clinically significant situations were those of Woodcock-Munoz and Wisconsin, that evaluate the speed of processing, selective focalization and executive function.
Subject(s)
Neurology , Child , Psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityABSTRACT
Estudio descriptivo prospectivo para determinar las caracteristicas ambientales, personales y el estilo de vida de la poblacion menor de 15 anos residente en las zonas rurales cafeteras de Cundinamarca, que presentaba afeccion de la piel al examan medico durante una consulta general , o detectadas por la enfermera durante el control de crecimiento y desarrollo. Durante el periodo comprendido entre el segundo semestre de 1987 y el primer semestre de 1988 se detectaron 176 casos; pero los datos incluidos en el estudio se refieren a 144, porque en los 32 restantes no se conto con informacion suficiente. Del total de pacientes, 59.2 por ciento tenia dermatosis infecciosas, el 22.0 por ciento inflamatorias y el 18.8 por ciento idiopaticas. La prevalencia de las primeras se atribuye a factores ambientales de clima, saneamiento basico inadecuado, condiciones de hacinamiento, tipo de vivienda y ocupacion sin descartar la relacion con deficiencias nutricionales. Los escolares de 5-10 anos, fueron los mas afectados. Entre las dermatopatias inflamatorias, las mas frecuentes fueron las panalitis (35.8 por ciento ) seguidas de milaria y dermatitis atopica con 25 por ciento cada una. Las primeras se atribuyen al contacto prolongado con el panal sucio y el uso de pantalones de plastico. La milaria es frecuente en climas calidos y humedos como el de la region. Las dermatopatias idiopaticas fueron las de menor incidencia y pueden relacionarse con las epocas de calor y exposicion a rayos solares. Se recomienda reforzar la educacion en salud tendiente a mejorar las condiciones ambientales, higienicas y los habitos de vida
