De novo assembly and annotation of the Ganoderma australe genome.

The Ganoderma genus represents clear biotechnological potential, due to the large quantity of molecules with biological activity that could be explored. However, available information regarding the biotechnological importance of species within Ganoderma, other than G. lucidum, is quite limited. Genomic studies of little-known species can contribute to the knowledge thereof, as well as the search for metabolic pathways and the identification of genes which code for proteins that may be of biotechnological relevance. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to obtain the G. australe genome, through the use of new sequencing technologies. Genomic DNA from G. australe was sequenced with the PacBio Sequel system, to a depth of 100×. The genome was assembled de novo with the Canu assembly tool, and gene prediction and annotation were performed with a funannotate pipeline. An assembled 84 Mb genome was obtained, and 22,756 putative protein-coding sequences were predicted in the G. australe genome. Ganoderic acid pathways were annotated and listed in the funannotate pipeline, and were recognized using Pfam and Antismash signals. Thus, the G. australe genome shows great potential, mainly, due to the annotation of putative sequences that could be employed in biotechnological approaches.

[Clinical, pathological and microbiological association of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies in the department of Caldas-Colombia]. / Asociación clínica, patológica y microbiológica de Helicobacter pylori en biopsias gástricas en el departamento de Caldas-Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical, pathological and microbiological association of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies in a population of the department of Caldas (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 72 patients, who were referred for digestive endoscopy to the San Marcel clinic in the city of Manizales during the second half of 2015; two biopsies of the antrum and two of the body of the stomach were taken for histopathological study and microbiological culture. Data were submitted to descriptive and relational statistical procedures. RESULTS: H. pylori was found in 47.2% by histological analysis and 26.4% by microbiological culture, with predominance in the female sex. Epigastralgia is the main reason for consultation associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSION: we found an association between the reason for consultation, female sex, microbiological culture and histological presence of H. pylori. Age was associated with established endoscopic diagnosis. The culture presented a high specificity (84.2%) and a low sensitivity (38.2%), compared to the histopathological finding.

Asociación clínica, patológica y microbiológica de Helicobacter pylori en biopsias gástricas en el departamento de Caldas-Colombia / Clinical, pathological and microbiological association of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies in the department of Caldas-Colombia

Objectivo: Establecer la asociación clínica, patológica y microbiológica de Helicobacter pylori en biopsias gástricas en una población del departamento de Caldas (Colombia). Materiales y método: Se incluyeron 72 pacientes que fueron remitidos para endoscopia digestiva a la clínica San Marcel de la ciudad de Manizales durante el segundo semestre de 2015; a quienes se les tomaron dos biopsias del antro y dos del cuerpo del estómago para estudio histopatológico y cultivo microbiológico. Los datos fueron sometidos a procedimientos estadísticos descriptivos y relacionales. Resultados: se encontró una proporción de H. pylori del 47,2% por análisis histológico y del 26,4% por cultivo microbiológico, con predominio del sexo femenino. Siendo la epigastralgia el principal motivo de consulta asociado a la infección por H. pylori. Conclusión: se encontró asociación entre motivo de consulta, sexo femenino, cultivo microbiológico y presencia histológica de H. pylori. La edad se asoció al diagnóstico endoscópico establecido. El cultivo presentó frente al hallazgo histopatológico una especificidad elevada (84,2%) y una baja sensibilidad (38,2%).

Objective: To establish the clinical, pathological and microbiological association of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies in a population of the department of Caldas (Colombia). Materials and methods: We included 72 patients, who were referred for digestive endoscopy to the San Marcel clinic in the city of Manizales during the second half of 2015; two biopsies of the antrum and two of the body of the stomach were taken for histopathological study and microbiological culture. Data were submitted to descriptive and relational statistical procedures. Results: H. pylori was found in 47.2% by histological analysis and 26.4% by microbiological culture, with predominance in the female sex. Epigastralgia is the main reason for consultation associated with H. pylori infection. Conclusion: we found an association between the reason for consultation, female sex, microbiological culture and histological presence of H. pylori. Age was associated with established endoscopic diagnosis. The culture presented a high specificity (84.2%) and a low sensitivity (38.2%), compared to the histopathological finding.

Manifestaciones extraintestinales de la infecc ión por Helicobacter Pylori: un enfoque en las patologías cardiovasculares / Extraintestinals manifestations of the infection by Helicobacter Pylori: an approach in the cardiovascular pathologies

Helicobacter pylori infecta más del 50% de la población mundial y se ha asociado al desarrollo de patologías gastroduodenales como: gastritis crónica, úlceras duodenales y gástricas, cáncer gástrico y linfoma de tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas. En los últimos años han aparecido un número considerable de publicaciones que plantean la existencia de una relación entre Helicobacter pylori y patologías que se alejan del sistema digestivo (extraintestinales) tal es el caso de las patologías cardiovasculares (como la enfermedad isquémica coronaria), dermatológicas (como la rosácea), tipo endocrino y enfermedades inmunológicas, entre otras. En este escrito se abordará principalmente las patologías de tipo cardiovascular..(AU)

Helicobacter pylori infects more than 50% of the world population and it has been associated to the development of gastroduodenal pathologies such as: chronic gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma (lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated to mucosa). In the last years, a significant number of publications have appeared which suggest the existence of a relationship between Helicobacter pylori and pathologies that deviate from the digestive system (extraintestinal) such is the case of vascular type pathologies (such as ischemic coronary disease), dermatological pathologies (such as rosacea), endocrine type pathologies and immunological diseases, among others. This article aims to deal with cardiovascular type pathologies..(AU)

Fungal immunomodulatory proteins in the context of biomedicine.

Fungi represent a large group of biodiverse microorganisms with potential applications ranging from industrial fields to the treatment for human diseases. A large number of pharmacologically active compounds including terpenoids, polysaccharides and proteins have been derived from these microorganisms. Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins (FIPs) are a group of active compounds that are being considered for the treatment of asthma, allergy, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, we discuss the discovery, heterologous production bioactive mechanisms of action and their potential use in biomedicine.

Uso alternativo del colorante Gelreden la tinción de ácidos nucleicos / Alternative use of gelred dye in the staining nucleic acids

Objetivo: Determinar la reproducibilidad en la tinción del ADN en geles de agarosa mediante el colorante GelRedTM con el fin de reemplazar el uso del bromuro de etidio en la tinción de ácidos nucleicos. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó extracción de ADN total de sangre periférica a nueve muestras de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal,posteriormente se amplificó un fragmento de ADN de 494 pb asociado al exón 15 delgen APC y de seis fragmentos entre 150 pb y 350 pb asociados a los genes hMLH-1 y MSH-2; ambas preparaciones, ADN total y ADN amplificado fueron visualizadas mediante el uso del colorante GelRed y Bromuro de Etidio. Resultados: El uso del colorante GelRed para la tinción de ácidos nucleicos (ADN) permitió visualizar los de forma eficiente. Conclusión: El reactivo GelRed es altamente reproducible y se recomienda usarlo incluido en las muestras de ADN, para disminuir la contaminaciónen los laboratorios de biología molecular.