ABSTRACT
METHODS: Fifty-four patients who had combined mitral and tricuspid valve surgery were included. Right heart measurements were performed in the TTE apical 4-chamber (A4C) and RV inflow views, and TEE mid-esophageal 4-chamber (ME4C) and transgastric RV inflow views at end-diastole. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) were applied to test for associations between the imaging modalities. RESULTS: The mean age was 65 years and 39% were male. All patients had ≥ moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and a secondary/functional etiology was present in 89%. The median TAd and RV basal (RVd) diameters in the TTE-A4C view measured 37 mm [interquartile range (IQR), 34-44] and 43 mm (IQR, 40-51), respectively. The TTE-A4C TAd strongly correlated with the TEE-ME4C measurement (r=0.72), with an overestimation of 1 mm (IQR, -2 to 4) by TEE (P<0.01). For RVd, the TTE-A4C measurement correlated moderately with the TEE-ME4C view (r=0.61), underestimating the RVd by -1 mm (IQR, -4 to 3.3) (P<0.01). No correlation was observed between TAPSE measured by TTE and TEE (r=0.22, P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative TEE may reliably quantitate TA and RV size and geometry. The current findings are best interpreted as hypothesis-generating for future validative studies.
ABSTRACT
A quadricuspid aortic valve is an uncommon valve lesion. Its physical manifestations vary, and it may be associated with other cardiac lesions. Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice, with computerized tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging being utilized as adjunctive imaging modalities in certain cases. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with this valvular lesion treated at our institution, as well as a contemporary review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/pathology , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve/pathology , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Fingolimod es un medicamento modificador de la enfermedad para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple de tipo recaída remisión; la molécula es un análogo de esfingosina fosfato que debido a su mecanismo de acción, produce en 0,5% de los pacientes, una disminución de la frecuencia cardíaca durante la administración de la primera dosis y un aumento leve de la presión arterial al segundo mes de tratamiento. En este articulo se revisan los mecanismos celulares por los cuales fingolimod causa estos eventos y se reportan recomendaciones de seguridad basados en la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para el inicio de pacientes en tratamiento con este medicamento.
Fingolimod is a disease modifying drug for patients with relapse remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The molecule is a sphingosine phosfate analog that because of its mechanism of action causes a decrease in heart rate during the administration of the first dosis and a slight increase in blood pressure in the second month of treatment in 0.5% of patients. We review in this article the cellular mechanisms by which fingolimod causes these events and report safety recommendations based on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for initiating treatment with this drug.
