ABSTRACT
Recent studies suggest an increasing prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease. The aim of the present study was to describe incidence rates of NTM lung disease and trends therein in our area over a 20-year period. This was a retrospective study of all cases of NTM lung disease between 1997 and 2016 that met the 2007 American Thoracic Society criteria. We analysed the annual incidence rates, species of mycobacteria isolated, trends over time and annual mortality in 327 patients. Mycobacterium kansasii was the most common mycobacterium isolated (84%), followed by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (13%). We compared two periods: 1997-2006 (257 cases, 79%) and 2007-2016 (70 cases, 21%). The incidence rates tended to decrease across these years, with a peak of incidence in 2000 with 10.6 cases per 100â000. There was a clearly decreasing trend in M. kansasii infection, not only in the first period (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.915, 95% CI 0.88-0.90; p<0.0001) but also in the second (IRR 0.869, 95% CI 0.780-1.014; p=0.080), reaching 1.8 per 100â000 in 2016. In contrast, MAC infection tended to increase across the two periods (IRR 1.251, 95% CI 1.081-1.447; p=0.003). In our region, the incidence of NTM lung disease has notably decreased in recent years. M. kansasii had high incidence rates in the first decade but clearly decreased in the second decade.
ABSTRACT
We analyzed 239 febrile infants <3 months of age with a positive urine culture to examine their characteristics. Patients with altered urine dipstick showed more commonly alterations of the biologic markers for bacterial infection, and Escherichia coli was more commonly isolated. Febrile young infants with positive urine culture and negative urine dipstick may not have a urinary tract infection and less aggressive management can be considered.
Subject(s)
Bacteriuria/urine , Fever/urine , Reagent Strips , Bacteriuria/microbiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Fever/microbiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Prospective Studies , Urinalysis/instrumentation , Urinalysis/methodsSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Gonorrhea/microbiology , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , DNA Gyrase/genetics , DNA Topoisomerase IV/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Female , Gonorrhea/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Mutation, Missense , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genetics , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/microbiology , Point Mutation , Spain , Urethritis/microbiologyABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/pathogenicity , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic useSubject(s)
DNA, Bacterial/genetics , HIV Infections/complications , Mycobacterium Infections/complications , Mycobacterium/genetics , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/complications , Biopsy , HIV/genetics , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections/pathology , RNA, Viral/genetics , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/pathologyABSTRACT
The usefulness of single-enzyme amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis for the subtyping of Mycobacterium kansasii type I isolates was evaluated. This simplified technique classified 253 type I strains into 12 distinct clusters. The discriminating power of this technique was high, and the technique easily distinguished between the epidemiologically unrelated control strains and our clinical isolates. Overall, the technique was relatively rapid and technically simple, yet it gave reproducible and discriminatory results. This technique provides a powerful typing tool which may be helpful in solving many questions concerning the reservoirs, pathogenicities, and modes of transmission of these isolates.
