Head and neck cancer in Cali, Colombia: Population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world. In Latin America, data on HCN are limited by the scarcity of population-based cancer registries. OBJECTIVE: To describe survival and changes in the time trends of incidence and mortality rates of HCN with data from the Cali Cancer Population Registry (Colombia) during 1962-2018. METHOD: Males and females of any age residing in Cali were included. The trends in incidence rates (1962-2016) and mortality (1984-2018) were analysed by calculating the mean annual percentage change (APC). Five-year net survival was estimated for the four 5-year periods of 1996-2015 using the Pohar-Perme method. RESULTS: During 1962-2015, 5,110 new cases of HNC were recorded: 1,506 in the larynx, 1,377 in the oral cavity, 487 in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 643 in the oropharynx, 603 in the salivary glands and 360 in Naso-Hypopharynx region. The incidence rates of HNC decreased significantly at all subsites, except in those associated with the human papillomavirus. Between 1984 and 2018, there were 1,941 deaths attributed to HNC, and the mortality rate decreased significantly. The 5-year age-standardized net survival was 43.2% in 1996-2000, remained stable during the following decade, and for 2011-2015 it was 50.9%. CONCLUSION: The incidence and mortality of HNC in Cali decreased significantly during the study period in both sexes.

Cáncer de laringe y sinunasal en Cali, Colombia 1962 ­ 2015 / Sinonasal and laryngeal carcinoma in Cali, Colombia 1962 ­ 2015

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad de alta incidencia, con múltiples factores etiológicos y diferentes características evolutivas. Objetivo: Describir la supervivencia y la tendencia de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer de laringe y senos paranasales en Cali (Colombia) durante el periodo 1962 a 2015. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Métodos: La información de incidencia, durante el periodo 1962 a 2012, se obtuvo en el RPCC y la mortalidad entre 1984-2015 de la SSPM. El comportamiento de la tendencia se evaluó con el porcentaje de cambio anual (APC) y la supervivencia relativa se estimó con el método de Ederer II. La estadificación se realizó con la AJCC. Resultados: Durante 1962 a 2012, se diagnosticaron 1623 casos nuevos de cáncer, 85.2% (1383 casos) fueron de laringe y 14.8% (240 casos) sinunasal 76% fueron hombres y el CCE fue el tipo histológico más frecuente 84.1% y 59.6% en laringe y sinunasal respectivamente. Se observó una disminución significativa del riesgo de cáncer de laringe en ambos sexos, siendo mayor la disminución en hombres (APC=-1,1*(ICD95%: -1,6; -0,7)). La disminución en la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de laringe CEC fue mayor en hombres (APC=-1,1*(ICD95%: -1,6; -0,6)) durante 1962-2012. Las tasas de mortalidad disminuyeron significativamente (APC=- 2,5*(ICD95%:-3,6 -1,5)). La supervivencia relativa a 5 años durante el periodo 2008- 2012, 43,5%; 93 pacientes se estadificaron con supervivencia: T3-T4 (41,5%) y T1- T2 (55,0%). Conclusiones: El riesgo del cáncer de laringe y sinunasal escamocelular asociado al tabaquismo disminuyó de manera significativa en hombres y mujeres de Cali durante los últimos 53 años.

Introduction: Cancer is disease with high incidence, multiple etiological factors and different characteristics. Objective: To describe the survival and trend of the incidence and mortality rates for cancer of the larynx and paranasal sinuses in Cali (Colombia) during the period 1962 to 2015. Design: Descriptive observational study. Methods: Incidence information, during the period 1962 to 2012, was obtained in the RPCC and mortality between 1984-2015 of the SSPM. The behavior of the trend was evaluated with the percentage of annual change (APC) and the relative survival was estimated with the method of Ederer II. The arrangement was made with the AJCC. Results: During 1962 to 2012, 1623 new cases of cancer were diagnosed, 85.2% (1383 cases) were laryngeal and 14.8% (240 cases) sinunasal 76% were men and the CCE was the most frequent histological type 84.1% and 59.6% in larynx and sinunasal respectively. A significant decrease in the risk of laryngeal cancer was observed in both sexes, with a greater decrease in men (APC = -1.1 * (ICD95%: -1.6, -0.7)). The decrease in the incidence rate of laryngeal cancer CEC was higher in men (APC = -1.1 * (ICD95%: -1.6, -0.6)) during 1962-2012. Mortality rates decreased significantly (APC = -2.5 * (ICD95%: - 3.6 -1.5)). The 5-year relative survival rate during the period 2008-2012 was 43.5%; 93 patients were stratified with survival: T3-T4 (41.5%) and T1-T2 (55.0%). Conclusions: The risk of laryngeal and squamous cell sinonasal cancer associated to smoking decreased significantly in men and women of Cali during the last 53 years.

[Clinical management of renal injuries at Hospital Universitario Del Valle (Cali, Colombia)]. / Experiencia clínica en el manejo del traumatismo renal en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia).

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with renal trauma at Hospital Universitario Del Valle (HUV) in Cali, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study of patients diagnosed with renal trauma (ICD 10) at HUV between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007. We gathered such variables as age, sex, haemodynamic stability, type of trauma, location and effect of injury, clinical examination findings at admission, presence of renal failure, need for transfusion, diagnostic method, accompanying injuries, required treatment, duration of hospital stay and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 15. RESULTS: 106 patients were evaluated, 78.3% of whom were male; mean age was 30.5 years. The majority were admitted for blunt trauma (73.6%) mainly due to motorcycle accidents and falls from heights. Minor trauma (Grades 1-3) was found in 77.3% of cases, haematuria in 90% and flank pain in 64%. A CT scan was used in 69.8% of all cases. Conservative treatment was employed in 77.4% of the cases, mainly for minor trauma (P < .0001); of these, 12% subsequently required surgery. Acute abdominal pain was the main surgical indication. Procedures were as follows: Nephropexy (32%) nephrectomy (38%) and conservative treatment (26%). The main complication was rebleeding (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Minor trauma is the most frequent kind of kidney injury, and is usually present with associated injuries. Conservative treatment was administered to most patients, but the failure rate was 12% and the frequency of overall complications was 10%.

Gastrosquisis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 2000-2004 / Gastroschisis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia): 2000-2004

Introducción: la gastrosquisis es una malformación congénita de la pared abdominal, cuya prevalencía ha aumentado notablemente en varios países, por lo que conviene estudiarla en diferentes centros pediátricos. Objetivos: definir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los recién nacidos con gastrosquisis en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia). Métodos: se hizo un estudio de tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 29 de los 35 recién nacidos con diagnóstico clínico de gastrosquisis, atendidos en la Unidad entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2004. Resultados: el promedio de edad materna fue de 18,8 años, 20 madres (69,0%) eran menores de 24 años y 22 (75,9%), primigestantes. El estudio incluyó a 16 niñas (55,2%) y 13 niños (44,8%). Quince (51,7%) nacieron por cesárea y 14 (48,3%), por vía vaginal. Doce (41,4%) nacieron a término y 17 (58,6%) fueron pretérmino. Diecinueve (65,5%) tuvieron peso bajo al nacer. En 10 casos (34,5%) el diagnóstico fue prenatal. El promedio del diámetro del defecto –registrado en 19 casos– fue 4,28 cm. Hubo malformaciones asociadas en 16 pacientes (55,2%), en 12 de ellos gastrointestinales. Diez (66,6%) de los 15 niños nacidos por cesárea tuvieron otras malformaciones. Sufrieron complicaciones 28 niños (96,6%), principalmente sepsis (23 casos) y murieron 10 (34,5%), ocho de ellos en choque séptico. Conclusiones: en este estudio predominaron la edad materna menor de 20 años y la primigestación. La principal causa de morbilidad fue la sepsis; se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de mortalidad según la procedencia, pues fue mayor en los niños remitidos de municipios diferentes a Cali. La distancia entre el sitio de procedencia y por ende el tiempo requerido para llegar a la UCI pueden estar asociados con la probabilidad de morir, pero el número de casos es pequeño para sacar conclusiones definitivas al respecto. La tasa de mortalidad de niños con gastrosquisis encontrada en este estudio fue similar a la informada en otros hospitales latinoamericanos, pero excedió a la reportada en hospitales de países desarrollados.

Introduction: Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the abdominal wall. It is convenient to study it in different pediatric centers because its prevalence rate has markedly increased in several countries. Objectives: To define the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a group of newborn infants with gastroschisis. Methods: A descriptive-retrospective study was carried out between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. It included 29 of the 35 newborn infants with gastroschisis treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario del Valle, in Cali, Colombia. Results: Average maternal age was 18.8 years. Twenty of the mothers (69.0%) were younger than 20 years, and 22 (75.9%) were primiparae. The study included 16 girls (55.2%) and 13 boys (44.8%). Fifteen infants (51.7%) were born by caesarean section and 14 (48.3%), by natural birth. Twelve (41.4%) were born at term and 17 (58.6%) were preterm babies. Nineteen (65.5%) had low birth weight. In 10 cases (34.5%) the diagnosis of gastroschisis was prenatally established. Average diameter of the defect (registered in 19 cases) was 4.28 cm. There were associated malformations in 16 patients (55.2%), 12 of which were of the gastrointestinal tract. Ten (66.6%) of the 15 infants born by caesarean section had associated malformations. Complications occurred in 28 infants(96.6%), mostly sepsis (23 cases). Ten infants (34.5%) died, 8 of them in septic shock. Conclusions: Maternal age under 20 years and primiparous women predominated in this study. The main morbidity cause was sepsis. Differences in the mortality rate were found according to the place of origin of the patients: it was higher in those referred from towns different from Cali. Distance and, consequently, the time required for reaching the ICU may have been associated with the probability of death; however, the small number of cases does not allow definitive conclusions in this respect. The death rate found in our study was similar to that reported from other Latin American hospitals for similar patients, but exceeded the one from institutions in developed countries.

Experiencia clínica en el manejo del traumatismo renal en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (Cali, Colombia) / Clinical management of renal injuries at Hospital Universitario Del Valle (Cali, Colombia)

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo renal en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV) en Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo renal (CIE 10) en el HUV entre el 1 de enero de 2003 y el 31 de diciembre de 2007. Se recolectaron variables como: edad, sexo, estabilidad hemodinámica, tipo de traumatismo, sitio y mecanismo de la lesión, hallazgos al examen físico de ingreso, fallo renal, requerimiento de transfusión, método del diagnóstico, lesiones asociadas, manejo del traumatismo, tiempo de hospitalización y complicaciones. El análisis estadístico se realizó en SPSS v. 15.Resultados: Se evaluó a 106 pacientes, el 78,3% varones, con un promedio de edad de 30años. La mayoría ingresó por traumatismo cerrado (73,6%), principalmente por accidente en moto y caídas de altura. Se encontró traumatismo menor (grado 1-3) en el 77,3% de los casos, hematuria (90%) y dolor en el flanco (64%). La tomografía computarizada se utilizó en el 69,8% de los casos. Se realizó un manejo conservador (77,4%) principalmente en traumatismo menor (p < 0,0001); de éstos un 12% requirió cirugía posteriormente. El abdomen agudo fue la indicación quirúrgica más frecuente. Se realizó: nefrorrafia (32%), nefrectomía (38%) y manejo conservador (26%). La complicación más frecuente fue el resangrado (3,8%).Conclusiones: El traumatismo renal menor es más frecuente y usualmente se presenta con lesiones asociadas. Se hace un manejo conservador en la mayoría de los pacientes; sin embargo, la tasa de fallo es del 12% y la frecuencia de complicaciones es del 10% (AU)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with renal trauma at Hospital Universitario Del Valle (HUV) in Cali, Colombia. Material and methods: This is a descriptive study of patients diagnosed with renal trauma (ICD 10) at HUV between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2007. We gathered such variables as age, sex, haemodynamic stability, type of trauma, location and effect of injury, clinical examination findings at admission, presence of renal failure, need for transfusion, diagnostic method, accompanying injuries, required treatment, duration of hospital stay and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 15.Results: 106 patients were evaluated, 78.3% of whom were male; mean age was 30.5 years. The majority were admitted for blunt trauma (73.6%) mainly due to motorcycle accidents and falls from heights. Minor trauma (Grades 1-3) was found in 77.3% of cases, haematuria in 90% and flank pain in 64%. A CT scan was used in 69.8% of all cases. Conservative treatment was employed in 77.4% of the cases, mainly for minor trauma (P <0.0001); of these, 12% subsequently required surgery. Acute abdominal pain was the main surgical indication. Procedures were as follows: Nephropexy (32%) nephrectomy (38%) and conservative treatment (26%). The main complication was rebleeding (3.8%).Conclusions: Minor trauma is the most frequent kind of kidney injury, and is usually present with associated injuries. Conservative treatment was administered to most patients, but the failure rate was 12% and the frequency of overall complications was 10% (AU)