[Intrauterine infection in relation to the frequence of prematurity and congenital malformations]. / Infección intrauterina en relación con la frecuencia de prematurez y de malformaciones congénitas.

In order to find the relationship between intrauterine infection with frequency of prematurity and of congenital malformations, 1,016 newborns were studied and were divided into four groups: 324 normal babies, 606 prematures, 44 with malformations and 42 infected patients; the latter were confirmed through titration of serum antibodies. The first index of infection was the concentration of IgM greater than or equal to 28 mg. %; thus, the first groups showed evidence of infection in 0.9%; the second in 11%; the third in 40.9% and the fourth, in 100%.

[Neonatal infection and high IgM at birth]. / Infección neonatal e IgM elevada al nacimiento.

To determine the concentration of IgM to be used as intrauterine infection indicator, the sera of 2,906 newborns were studied. Five hundred and sixty-three (19.4%), showed high concentrations of IgM and out of 199 pair sera studied, serologic evidence of infection was found in 21.1%. Out of these cases, 80.9% showed no clinical disturbances during their first two months of life. The agents most frequently found responsible for intrauterine infection were cytomegalovirus, influenza A2 H-K, influenza B, parotiditis and rubella. Based on this study, we may conclude that determinations of high concentrations of IgM with the technique used is still a good index to detect intrauterine infections, specially considering that the clinical manifestations of disease may be minimal or may pass unnoticed during the first days of life and that by no means should this test be done instead of other clinical or laboratory studies to investigate such questions.

[Post-natal growth of the child born with intra-uterine malnutrition]. / Crecimiento posnatal del niño con desnutrición intrauterina.

Growth and morbidity were studied in a group of children at one and two years of age of which 10 were born with intrauterine malnutrition, 14 were prematures and nine had normal weight. All were evaluated , according to the Gesell test, at two years of age. Malnourished and premature children grew at greater rate than normals, reaching their size at one year of age. However, at the age of two, length of premature children was less than in normals. Gesell's test results were subnormal in 50 percent of the malnourished ones.

[Changes in leucocyte metabolism during growth in children born with malnutrition]. / Modificaciones del metabolismo de leucocitos durante el crecimiento de niños nacidos con desnutrición.

Changes of energy metabolism in leucocytes have been studied longitudinally as well as cross-sectionally in three groups of children born: 1.- at term, with normal weight; 2.- with intra-uterine malnutrition; 3.- prematurely. The longitudinal study showed that, at birth, the activity of adenylate kinase as well as concentrations of ATP, ADP AND AMP were significantly lower in the malnourished than in the normal child. At one year of age, the values of enzyme activity are approximately equal in both groups, while the concentrations, of ATP and ADP are higher in malnourished children. Finally, at two years of age all values found, with the exception of AMP concentration, were higher in malnourished than in normal children born at term. In the data of the cross-sectional study this accelerated biochemical maturation is also shown.