ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After open surgery for ruptured ACoA aneurysms, several patients who have achieved a favourable neurological outcome still exhibit significant cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive performances in patients with ACoA aneurysms submitted to different therapeutic options such as endovascular treatment and surgical clipping. METHODS: We evaluated 37 consecutive patients in WFNS grade I or II, who underwent an early treatment (within 48 hours) of a bleeding ACoA aneurysm: 20 out of 37 were surgically clipped (group A) and 17 were treated with endovascular coiling (group B). These two groups were compared with 16 patients (group C) with subarachnoid haemorrhage and negative cerebral panangiography and with 18 volunteers (group D) without neurological or psychiatric disorders. All patients were neurologically intact at discharge and were in Glasgow Outcome Scale 1 at 6 months follow-up after SAH. All subjects were tested to assess selective attention, verbal, spatial and logical memory, frontal lobe executive functions, language and intelligence. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were also examined. FINDINGS: Selective attention, verbal and spatial memory, and intelligence tests didn't show any significant difference between the patients and the controls. Surgically treated patients showed a significant worse performance on the logical memory and on the frontal lobe executive functions compared to controls, while the endovascular group and the group C (not treated) showed a significant decrease only in the literal fluency score.Moreover, the surgical group showed a significant impairment in using grammatical and syntactical rules to produce sentences. No significant difference was found between the group B, C and controls. Treated patients were not significantly more depressive or anxious than controls. INTERPRETATION: Investigation of neuropsychological deficits can show an impairment, even in patients classified as good outcome by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The frontal lobe functions and language are impaired especially in surgically treated in comparison with controls, but no significant difference was found respect to the endovascular and no treated patients (group C).
Subject(s)
Cerebral Revascularization/methods , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/psychology , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Attention , Cerebral Revascularization/instrumentation , Female , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Male , Memory Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Surgical Instruments , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the maturation of Echinostoma caproni in 13 ICR mice, each of which was exposed to 50 encysted metacercariae and necropsied at 1-20 weeks postinfection (p.i.). All 13 mice were infected with 20-30 worms/host and half the worms were used for LM and the remainder, for SEM. Body area measurements showed that the worms grew rapidly from day zero (excysted metacercariae) to 4 weeks p.i. and less rapidly thereafter. Area measurements of organs showed that the growth of the acetabular area paralleled that of the body. Gonadal area growth was less rapid than acetabular growth, and the area of the posterior testis was always greater than that of the anterior testis. The most remarkable change in topography occurred by 5 weeks p.i. when some of the ventral tegumentary spines became multipointed with 2-5 points/spine. Spine division was associated with a decline in worm growth, but the significance of this finding is unclear. Spine division probably facilitates the feeding, abrasion, and migration of this echinostome in the mouse small intestine.
