[Electroencephalographic signs of internal attention in the mental counting of heart beats].

Attention is regarded as a dynamic spatio-temporal structure reflected inter alia in distribution patterns of total spectral power density of EEG alpha-rhythm obtained in volunteers. Factors influencing formation, time of existence and parameters of such structure are related to dynamics of the observation object (heart), to the use of individual combinations of perception codes, by the volunteers etc. It is supposed that localization of a single "cerebral area of attention" can not be universal for all individuals. An approach to the description of different types of attention to one's own heart is proposed in which attention is characterized based on distinguishing critical points or EEG registration zones in which the loss of system's stability is most likely reflected as transition to another functional state.

[The method of the short term cardiorhytmogram analysis in estimation of estimation of fast change of human activity types].

A new high accuracy method of evaluation of individual RR-intervals distribution is described. The twofold benefits of quantiles measurement of short term RR-intervals distribution are high accuracy and reability of results as well as possibility to compare the results among different time spans. The method offered might be used to measure quick changes of human activity. The differences of individual RR-intervals distribution are revealed correlate to type and effectiveness of the activity during 60 sec periods.

[Dermography in humans: dependence of skin vessel reactions on stimulus strength].

Application of measured skin stimulation (contrary to classic dermographism) revealed a microcirculation variety of changes and restoration (skin vessel selfregulation). The reaction phases were measured versus classic dermographism. The types of skin vessel reactions is found to depend upon the stimulus strength. The dynamics of pattern change of skin vessels is described to differentiate hatched zone (central) and surrounding ones. A tendency of appearing of the surrounding zone before the central those was found. Restoration of the microcirculation after skin stimulation (the period of vessel reaction disappearance) is detected by 3 factor relations: latency of appearance of the 1st phase reaction, phase quantity, and skin color. Dependence of parameters (vessel dilatation or constriction; pressure threshold evoking skin vessel reaction; latency of appearance and of restoration of the background color) is described to correlate with skin color (2nd, 4th, and 5th phototypes of the Fitz-Patrick classification).

[Characteristics of the heart rate during mental tracing of heartbeats in healthy subjects].

Mental counting of self heartbeats results in changes of parameters of heart rhythm--domain and other frequencies of the RR-intervals, especially, high frequencies (0.15-0.4 Hz), which are relevant to respiration. The accuracy of mental counting of the heartbeats (the ratio of traced beats to the number of registered ones) corresponds to individual relations between the frequencies, regularity, and total number of the heartbeats. A possibility of the voluntary regulation of respiration as the cause of changes in the heartbeat frequency is discussed in terms of the center-periphery integration (system approach) for optimal perception of self heartbeats.

[Centenary of I.P. Pavlov's Madrid speech (April, 1903): Subjective aspect of mental activity as an object of system analysis]. / R 100-letiiu madridskoi rechi I. P. Pavlova (aprel' 1903). Sub"ektivnaia storona psikhicheskoi deiatel'nosti kak ob"ekt sistemnogo analiza.

The main pathstones of methodological approaches to objective exploration of mental activity outlined by I.P. Pavlov in 1903, in particular, such its features as the ability to forsee the results, expediency, reasonable character, and adaptivity of behavior are considered. Stages of methodological perfection of investigations of the inner (mental) states of living organisms, semantic transformation of conditioned reflex, conditioning of the first and second orders, systems of conditioned reflexes, psychonervous activity, causal and extrapolative reflexes are analyzed. The significance of the development of the theory of the functional system by P.K. Anokhin and the modern state of its understanding are shown. The functional significance and neurophysiologic mechanisms of movement task, programming, motivation, memory engram, reinforcement etc. is discussed.

[Conscious perception of a stimulus as a somatopsychic process]. / Osoznanie stimula kak somatopsikhicheskii protsess.

Autonomic (heart rates, electroplethysmograms, pneumograms, blood coagulation) responses to the threshold and subthreshold concentrations of cordiamine and tifene odogenes were studied in 58 healthy young females. There were autonomic shifts to subthreshold odogenes and a relationship between the detection threshold of a stimulus to the baseline activity of the autonomic nervous system and to the amplitude of autonomic changes. It is suggested that autonomic (somatic) changes make their contribution to the conscious (psychic) perception of a stimulus.

[The perception of an odogen is proportional to the activity of the autonomous nervous system in man]. / Pertseptsiia odogena proportsional'na aktivnosti avtonomnoi nervnoi sistemy u cheloveka.

Women aged 18-26 characterized according to R. M. Baevskii's cardiointervalometric criteria by the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activities ("normotonicity") participated in the experiments. Sniffing subthreshold concentrations of cordiamin solution vapour during 7-9 s was revealed to increase activity of the sympathetic nervous system and heart rate frequency with a decrease of its variability. Normotonic subjects with predominance of the parasympathetic activity were found to have lower thresholds of the odogen detection and to be more cardioreactive to the subthreshold odogen than the "normotonics" with slight predominance of the sympathetic activity.