[Immunomodulating activity of adhesive dental film containing chlorhexidine and ketoprofen in serum of patients with chronic periodontitis]. / Immunomoduliruiushchaia aktivnost' adgezivnoi plenki s khlorgeksidinom i ketoprofenom v krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim generalizovannym parodontitom.

The study was carried out in series of preclinical tests of new adhesive dental film developed for local treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease and containing chlorhexidine bigluconate and ketoprofen. The aim of the work was to determine film's effect on the activity of blood neutrophils in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic periodontitis using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. The investigated dental film showed modulating influence on blood phagocytes methabolism depending on their initial functional state. Immunomodulating activity revealed is associated with the polymer base and is potentiated by ketoprofen in case of hyporeactive inflammation.

[Efficiency of combined action of a chemical disinfectant and plasma sterilization on stomatological instruments and casts]. / Effektivnost' kombinirovannogo vozdeistviia khimicheskogo dezinfektanta i plazmennoi sterilizatsii na stomatologicheskie instrumenty i slepochnye materialy.

The efficiency of combined treatment of dentures by argon plasma and chemical disinfectant Ocadez is compared using anaerobic culturing of oral bacteria and polymerase chain reaction with hepatitis B, C, and D virus primers. Different protocols of processing dental instruments and casts directly after dentist's manipulations with outpatients were tried and model experiments with hepatitis viruses were carried out. The optimal protocol of plasma sterilization is as follows: 10 min at 86-90 degrees C after treatment with Ocadez or 15 min without additional chemical treatment.

[The comparative characteristics of the antibacterial activity of new antiseptics and the prospects for their use in dental practice]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika antibakterial'noi aktivnosti novykh antiseptikov i perspektivy ikh primeneniia v stomatologicheskoi praktike.

Antibacterial activities of modern antiseptics listerine, myramistine, cidipol, octenisept, tantum verde, matecide, and rautine drugs chlorhexidine and dioxidine are compared. The prospects of their use in dentistry for the treatment of inflammations associated with anaerobes are discussed. Metacide, listerine, chlorhexidine, and dioxidine are characterized by the widest spectrum of activity towards obligate anaerobic bacteria; moreover, these drugs inhibit bacterial growth when used in lower concentrations than other drugs.

[Ways to prevent and treat disseminated inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area and their complications]. / Puti profilaktiki i lecheniia rasprostranennykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti i ikh oslozhnenii.

The authors analyze the results of diagnosis and treatment in 1062 patients with diffuse inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area and of complications of these diseases, such as mediastinitis, thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the dura mater, meningoencephalitis. Improvement of the program of diagnosis and treatment helped improve the results: mortality from sepsis reduced from 50 to 26%. Approaches to prevention of progressive purulent infection are outlined.

[The use of solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis for the diagnosis of a suppurative infection of the maxillofacial area caused by Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Staphylococcus aureus]. / Primenenie tverdofaznogo immunofermentnogo analiza dlia diagnostiki gnoinoi infektsii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti, vyzvannoi Bacteroides melaninogenicus i Staphylococcus aureus.

In 186 patients with odontogenic infection the level of antibodies to B.melaninogenicus polysaccharide antigen, teichoic acid and S.aureus polysaccharide was determined in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The positive values of ELISA indices were found to coincide with the data of bacteriological study in more than 90% of cases. The role of B.melaninogenicus and S.aureus associations in the development of purulent infections was confirmed with the use of ELISA in 34.2% of the patients for S.aureus and in 50% of the patients for B.melaninogenicus and bacteriologically in 31.4% and 46.9% of the patients respectively.

[The development of a test system for determining antibodies to Bacteroides melaninogenicus using solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis]. / Razrabotka test-sistemy dlia opredeleniia antitel k Bacteroides melaninogenicus s pomoshch'iu tverdofaznogo immunofermentnogo analiza.

A test system for enzyme immunoassay of antibodies to Bacteroides melaninogenicus has been developed. The authors describe a method for the preparation of the protein and polysaccharide antigens with the use of ultrasonic, lysozyme, and beta-naphthol treatment. A total of 105 blood serum samples, 46 samples of gingival blood and gingival fluid from patients with maxillofacial phlegmons and periodontitis were examined, making use of the 1 +/- 3 omega index (from the values in healthy donors). The results evidence statistically significant difference in antibody levels of patients from whom B. melaninogenicus were isolated and of those with the negative results of bacteriologic analysis. The titers of antibodies to B. melaninogenicus in the blood and gingival fluid of patients with periodontitis were in good correlation.

[The sensitivity of the causative agents of suppurative inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area and neck to antibacterial preparations]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' vozbuditelei gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti i shei k antibakterial'nym preparatam.

Antibacterial activities of 40 routinely used antibacterial drugs in respect of 288 strains of anaerobic and opportunistic anaerobic bacteria, isolated from purulent foci of 110 patients with odontogenic and nonodontogenic inflammations were examined. The results permitted a more accurate specification of the drug groups for local therapy of purulent wounds, drugs of choice, those for grave cases, and a reserve group; these groups were distinguished with due consideration for the bacterial sensitivity, side effects and mode of administration of the drugs. Data on the microflora composition, its sensitivity to antiseptics and antibiotics are presented.

[Etiology of inflammatory maxillofacial diseases and estimation of the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs in vitro]. / Etiologiia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti i otsenka éffektivnosti antibakterial'nykh preparatov in vitro.

The results of identification of 710 clinical strains of anaerobic microorganisms isolated from the pathological foci of patients with maxillofacial diseases are presented. The species composition of the microflora associations in the cases with abscesses, phlegmon, lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis and parodontitis is described. Along with a high frequency of nonsporulating anaerobes, staphylococci, microaerophilic streptococci and in the cases with parodontitis actinomycetes, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans strains (1.6-15% of the isolated strains) were first detected in cases with various forms of the disease. Two groups of the drugs effective against the anaerobes were identified by the data on the antibiotic sensitivity. The lowest MICs along with the activity broad spectrum were defined for gramicidin, levomycetin and nitazol.

[The therapy of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area with the use of imidazole derivatives]. / Terapiia vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti s ispol'zovaniem proizvodnykh imidazola.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of associations of the agents of odontogenic infection were studied making use of present-day bacteriologic methods and of analysis of the microflora sensitivity to trichopol and nitazole, imidazole derivatives. The microflora was found to be represented by associations with the predominance of obligate and facultative anaerobes. The anaerobes were found highly sensitive to trichopol, both in vivo and in vitro, and even more so to nitazole, the drug manufactured in this country.

[A cassette micromethod of determining the sensitivity of anaerobic microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs]. / Kassetnyi mikrometod opredeleniia chuvstvitel'nosti anaérobnykh mikroorganizmov k antibakterial'nym preparatam.

A micromethod based on the use of plates with wells and microquantities of microbial suspensions is described. It provides determination of MICs of antibacterial drugs and sensitivity of clinical strains of anaerobes of 2 or 3 species predominating in pathological materials as well as to preliminarily identify some anaerobic bacteria by their antibiotic sensitivity.

[Effects of antibiotics and anti-bacterial components of preparations for local treatment of suppurative wounds on pathogens of odonto- genic infections]. / Deistvie na vozbuditelei odontogennoi infektsii antibiotikov i antibakterial'nykh komponentov, vkhodiashchikh v sostav preparatov dlia mestnogo lecheniia gnoinykh ran.

The results of identification and sensitivity assay of 156 strains of pathogens causing odontogenic infections are presented. In the sensitivity assay antibacterial drugs were used. 42.3 percent of the strains were obligate anaerobes belonging to Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella and Actinomyces. Significant differences in the microbial sensitivity to the drugs used for general and local therapy were detected. There was observed high sensitivity of the obligate anaerobes to gramicidin (0.02 micrograms/ml), nitazol (10 micrograms/ml), levomycetin and tetracycline (60 micrograms/ml). Antiseptics such as dioxidine and chlorhexidine used locally showed satisfactory results. The above mentioned drugs and especially levomycetin were also rather active against facultative organisms in associations of pathogens causing odontogenic infections: Bacillus coagulans, B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp.

[The use of alginic acid-based preparations for treating suppurative wounds of the maxillofacial area and neck]. / Primenenie preparatov na osnove al'ginovoi kisloty dlia lecheniia gnoinykh ran cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti i shei.

The effects of algin-based drugs--algipor, algimaf, teralgim--on the course of maxillofacial purulent wounds healing were under study. Cytologic and morphometric data and findings of pH measurements evidence a high efficacy of teralgim and of algipor and algimaf combinations with trypsin immobilized on a cloth base during the first phase of the wound process. Application of these drugs was conducive to a sooner wound purification and to stimulation of the reparative processes.

[A micromethod of determining the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to antibacterial preparations]. / Mikrometod opredeleniia chuvstvitel'nosti anaérobnykh bakterii k antibakterial'nym preparatam.

An economic rapid 'cassette' micromethod for estimating the sensitivity of obligate anaerobes to antibiotics has been developed, applicable at clinical laboratories. The method permits simultaneous testing of a microorganism with a wide range of antibiotics and assessment of the minimal inhibiting concentration of the agent, making use of the minimized volume of the inoculum. The technique has been tried with 176 anaerobe strains isolated from maxillofacial purulent foci from 76 patients; sensitivities to 42 antibiotics and antiseptics have been tested. Parallel inoculations were carried out, as was a comparative study with the traditional serial dilutions in solid nutrient medium. The suggested method is available and rapid; the results are ready within 1-3 days.

[A standard tampon for quantitative studies of mixed anaerobic-aerobic microflora]. / Standartnyi tampon dlia kolichestvennykh issledovanii smeshannoi Standartnyi tampon dlia kolichestvennykh issledovanii smeshannoi anaérobno-aérobnoi mikroflory.

A tampon made of the new spongy polyvinyl-formal AQUIPOR 3500/40 is suggested for quantitative studies of mixed anaerobic-aerobic microflora. Comparison of the adsorption characteristics, the preservation of the tested pathologic material during the collection and transportation of the material, and the potential antibacterial characteristics of the suggested tampon and the traditional cotton wool tampons has shown the advantages of the new tampon, that permits standardization of the investigation by the quantitative bacteriologic method and preserves both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms viable. This tampon may be used in studies of purulent wound and periodontal pocket microflora.