[Functional changes in the organ of vision and locomotor apparatus in adolescents from the Central Administrative District of Moscow].

The Russian Federation and Moscow also show a global tendency for dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus (LMA) and the organ of vision (OV) to increase. Eight hundred and two adolescents from the Central Administrative District of Moscow were found to have involvements of LMA (35.4%) and OV (22.5%). There were more common abnormal posture (12.9%), spinal axis changes (11.7%), talpes (12.5%), and myopia (17.8%). The follow-ups made from 1997 to 2002 revealed an increase in the number of adolescents with functional changes (D2) with a decrease in that of apparently healthy adolescents (D1). The changes were prevalent in children born in 1986 onward. Examination of the interaction of LMA and OV as the uniform visual motor system revealed sexual dimorphism suggesting that the girls were more susceptible to these changes, which should be considered while developing a adifferential approach to teaching schoolchildren during pubertal period. Schoolchildren's health status should be systematically considered by a wide circle of specialists to estimate the maximum number of parameters in order to determine the reasons resulting in a steady-state tendency for ODA and OV dysfunctions to progress.

[The health status of 15-18-year-old schoolchildren in Moscow].

Analysis of the health status of about 3 thousand 15-year-old schoolchildren from the Central Administrative District of Moscow, made during annual prophylactic medical examinations during 1994 to 2003, revealed a clear tendency for diminished functional capacities in schoolchildren. There was a less than 30% reduction in the number of apparently healthy adolescents with a rise in the proportion of persons with dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus (LMA) (24.7%), organ of vision (OV) (21.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (19.2%). Over time there was an increase in the frequency of changes in LMA, OV, and immune system. The revealed correlation and the similarity of the time course of changes during different years of observation between LMA and OV lesions in the examined schoolchildren assume the etiopathogenetic and embryogenetic commonness of their involvement due to the structural and functional unity with connective tissue elements. A functional relationship was assumed to be between OV and LMA, which was due to the visual motor functional system. In-depth studies are required to elucidate reasons for the revealed tendencies.

[Conditions for the development of myopia in schoolchildren]. / Ob usloviiakh formirovaniia shkol'noi blizorukosti.

School myopia is a most common health problem in schoolchildren, in adolescents in particular. School myopia resulted from connective tissue failure of the whole organism. Some data, such as the association of school myopia with the HLA system confirm this idea. New investigations in this direction will assist in concretizing the real cause of this type of myopia. The interaction between the lighting conditions and the development of refraction is also of interest.