[The effect of vitamin D deficiency on the content of some soluble signaling molecules in the oral fluid in individuals with dental caries]. / Vliyanie nedostatka vitamina D v organizme na soderzhanie nekotorykh rastvorimykh signal'nykh molekul v rotovoi zhidkosti pri kariese zubov.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the sthudy is to sthudy the level of soluble Immune Checkpoint Molecules (B7.2, CTLA-4, Tim-3, Lag-3, PD-1) in the oral fluid during dental caries with the background of a lack and/or deficiency of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in body. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the research 3 groups of people were formed, each one of them included 17 people aged from 20 to 24 years. The first group included students with high-intensity caries (above 9 DMFt index) and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in blood serum >30 ng/ml, the second included students with high caries intensity and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels <30 ng/ml. The control group consisted of students with an average DMFt index of 1.5 (from 0 to 3) and a level of 25(OH)D in the blood more than 30 ng/ml. To determine the content of B7.2 (CD86), CTLA-4, Tim-3, Lag-3, PD-1, the Human Vascular Inflammation Panel 1 multiplex analysis kit from Biolegend (USA) was used. RESULTS: The results of the research showed that during dental caries with a normal level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D there are no significant changes in the content of Immune Checkpoint Molecules. With the background of deficiency and lack of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D there is a decrease in the amount of B7.2, LAG-3, Tim-3 and PD-1. These changes are being aggravated with an increase of the caries intensity. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency leads to a decrease in mucosal immunity of the oral cavity, the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, which in turn, releasing various metabolites, including cytokine-like substances, aggravate the pathological process and intensify carious lesions.

[Modern concept of pain syndrome and dental anxiety pathophysiology and prevention]. / Sovremennaia kontseptsiia patofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmov bolevogo sindroma i psikhoémotsional'nogo napriazheniia i ikh profilaktika na stomatologicheskom prieme.

The work presents a wide range of etiological factors and pathogenesis of formation and development of the pain symptom. The conceptual model of pain which consists of the uniform process including four main complementary levels is presented: nociception, algesis, suffering and painful behavior.

[Clinical characteristic of factors and tools influencing the effectiveness and safety of local anesthesia in dentistry]. / Klinicheskaia kharakteristika faktorov i sredstv, vliiaiushchikh na éffektivnost' i bezopasnost' mestnoi anestezii v stomatologii.

Dental health is one of the most important signs of life quality and depends on the level of health care organization. Recently the clinical odontology is intensively developing, including local anesthesia where constant searching of effective remedies and methods of suppression and treatment of pain is carried out. At the same time carrying out adequate local anesthesia has important practical value that is to some extent bound to massive visits of the patients to the clinics. One of the important factors in the solution of problems of effectiveness and safety of local anesthesia is knowledge of anatomy-topographical features of the structure of maxillofacial area as the irregular technique of local anesthesia which is carried out without features of the anatomical structure of jaws is the main reason for ineffective anesthesia. From the practical side, the special attention is paid to the patients having various accompanying diseases with negative treatment emotions that lead to the stress development, disorganization of work of functional systems of the organism, change of the mental state. However the basis of diagnostic process at dentist's consultation depends on the clinical thinking of the doctor which is bound to knowledge of medical psychology and psychoprophylaxis that needs to be applied in the daily practice. In particular clinical situations premedication methods are successfully used for carrying out adequate anesthesia for dental interventions. A wide range of ways and methods of the lower alveolar nerve blockade are used in dentistry, where the composite external and internal anatomy-topographical markers which are difficult to remember for the doctor are applied. It causes the need of carrying out further researches on the maximal simplification of technological and methodological features of mandibular anesthesia and its introduction into dental practice.

[Use of adaptogens for antioxidant system correction in complex treatment of mandibular fractures].

Antioxidatic protection has been studied in 84 patients with mandibular fractures between the ages of 21 and 40; the patients were divided into two groups. Activation of lipid peroxidation in both groups was revealed. The increase of antioxidant's activity system in 37.18% in the main study group that along with traditional treatment received Epsorin was determined. No complications in the main group during the post-surgery period were recorded.

[Structure and dynamics of congenital maxillofacial malformation in Yakutiya region].

The aim of the study was to assess structure and dynamics of congenital facial clefts prevalence in Republic Sokha (Yakutiya) in the last 13 years. Both retrospective and prospective study included 423 children with congenital facial malformations. Dynamic analysis showed cyclical changes in the incidence of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and relatively high regional prevalence of CLIP with tendency to increase. The age of parents of children with congenital facial malformations tend to decrease with time. The received epidemiological data prove the need to improve treatment and rehabilitation protocols for CLP patients in Republic Sokha (Yakutiya).

MICROBIOCENOSIS IN INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF MARGINAL GUM AMONG CHILDREN.

INTRODUCTION: The development of gingivitis among children remains actual problem in modern dentistry due to high prevalence, disorders of dental-alveolar functions and development of parodontium diseases at the older age. The microorganisms occupying dental chamfer play the leading role in parodontium tissues damage. AIM: Research of microbial spectrum of dental chamfer and assessment of etiology significances of the revealed microorganisms in gingivitis among children of school age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteriological research of dental chamfer in 30 children of secondary school age with gingivitis of slight and severe level. Inoculations have been done on the chocolate agar incubated in air-locked containers with gas generators for anaerobic atmosphere "GENbag Anaer" and inoculations on bloody gemagar--with gas generators for microaerophiles "GENbag Microaer" (bioMerieux) within 24-48 hours. Infections were precipitated out on the Saburo medium. Identification of discharged cultures was carried out on the microbialogic evaluator "Vitek II Compact" (bioMerieux). RESULTS: Microflora of dental chamfer in the examined children has been presented by three groups of microorganisms: gram-positive cocci (63.3%), gram-negative nonfermentative bacteriums (63.3%) and yeast Candida fungus (30%). Among gram-postitive cocci representatives of normal microflora of oral cavity Streptococcus oralis (26.6%) were dominated. Neisseria (N. sicca, cinerea et animaloris) were dominated most often in the group of gram-negative nonfermentative bacteriums (23.3% of children), yeast Candida fungus have been presented by two kinds--C. dubliensis (at 20% of children) and C. albicans (at 10%). The mean content of all discharged microorganisms has compounded 5,7 Ig KOE that supposes their etiology role in development of marginal gum inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Received results showed us some mechanisms of development of inflammatory diseases of parodontium tissues which will allow us to develop new approaches of treatment and gingivitis prevention among children of school age.