ABSTRACT
Aqueous zinc (Zn) ion battery (AZIB) has become one of the research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to its low cost, green environmental protection, high theoretical capacity, and high safety. However, the unrestrained growth of the dendrites leads to the occurrence of side reactions, such as corrosion of the electrodes and generation of hydrogen, which reduces the coulombic efficiency and performance of the battery. Herein, a simple method reports pasting a conductive copper glue (CCG) coating on the surface of Zn anode to improve the serious dendrite growth. The coating has strong intermolecular interaction and high conductivity, which not only avoids the occurrence of side reactions but also facilitates the uniform deposition of Zn2+ ions, preventing dendrite formation. The symmetrical battery assembled with Zn anode modified by CCG coating delivers longer cycle life (167 h) and lower voltage hysteresis (≈26 mV), which is much better than that of bare Zn symmetrical battery (30 h, ≈67 mV). Furthermore, the full battery assembly with modified Zn anode and stainless steel (SS) supported V2O5 nanospheres (VO-SS) cathode exhibit high capacity and long cycle life (113.5 mAh g-1 after 4000 cycles at 4.8 A g-1).
ABSTRACT
A two-step emulsification prior to complex coacervation was employed to develop a co-encapsulation technology of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components for nutrition enhancement. Processing parameters of mononuclear ellipse-like microcapsules using gelatin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as wall materials were evaluated. The particle size and morphology of microcapsules and the encapsulation efficiency of L-ascorbic acid were significantly affected by the water-oil phase ratio and total biopolymer concentration. The L-ascorbic acid and quercetin co-encapsulated microcapsules with an average size of 65.26 µm showed good physical and chemical stability. The encapsulation efficiencies of L-ascorbic acid and quercetin were 69.91% and 88.21%, respectively. To predict the potential of functional lipids as hydrophobic carriers, microcapsules using soybean oil, olive oil, fish oil, and conjugated linoleic acid as interlayer oils were developed. The encapsulation efficiencies of hydrophobic compounds carried by different oils were similarly high (88.21-93.08%), whereas, hydrophilic ones carried by conjugated linoleic acid had the lowest encapsulation efficiency (32.54%). The interface tension results indicated that the interfacial stability was impaired by a competitive relation between conjugated linoleic acid and hydrophobic emulsifier at the interface, due to their structural similarity. These results provided the guidance for improving the quality of interlayer oils from microcapsules.
Subject(s)
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium , Gelatin , Ascorbic Acid , Drug Compounding , Fish Oils , Quercetin , SodiumABSTRACT
Amadori rearrangement product (ARP) derived from proline and glucose was prepared in aqueous medium, and purified by ion exchange chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The ARP was confirmed as 1-deoxy-1-L-proline-D-fructose (C11H19O7N, 277 Da) with four main isomers. A preliminary vacuum dehydration coupled with subsequent spray drying was used to improve the yield of ARP conversion from 3.63% to 69.15%. Furthermore, the taste characteristics of spray dried ARP products were analyzed by electronic tongue and sensory evaluation. The results indicated that when the dosage of ARP products was above 0.4%, a 20% salt reduction could be achieved without reduction in the salty taste as well as having a significant enhancement in the umami attribute. The products at low- and medium- extents of reaction could stimulate more secretion of aldosterone in oral cavity and then improve its sensitivity to the salt, while the product at high- extent of reaction inhibits aldosterone secretion.
