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El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la implementación del curso de ética dentro del currículo odontológico de las facultades pertenecientes a la Federación Internacional de Escuelas y Facultades de Odontología FIEFO, 2021. Investigación de tipo descriptivo, transversal y observacional, la población estuvo constituida por decanos y directores de la FIEFO que participaron en el seminario de Ética el 26 de febrero del 2021. A ellos se les envió, vía correo electrónico, el consentimiento informado y la encuesta. Los resultados de estudio mostraron que el 86,67 % de las universidades tienen el curso de ética de forma obligatoria; el 50 % de las universidades implementan el curso de ética de 1 a 2 horas por semana; con relación al año de dictado, se desarrolló en mayor porcentaje en el tercer año. Por último, se encontraron diferentes enfoques sobre el objetivo del curso, siendo estos los más frecuentes: "Formación del profesional para el desarrollo de una práctica ética"; "Comprensión y aplicación de la bioética" y "Formación Profesional con desarrollo de habilidades desde un enfoque ético".
The objective of this study was to determine the implementation of the ethics course within the dental curriculum of the faculties belonging to the International Federation of Schools and Faculties of Dentistry FIEFO, 2021. Descriptive, cross-sectional and observational research, the population consisted of deans and FIEFO directors who participated in the Ethics seminar on February 26, 2021. The informed consent and the survey were sent to them via email. The results of the study showed that 86.67 % of the universities have the ethics course mandatory; 50 % of the universities implement the ethics course from 1 to 2 hours per week; in relation to the year of dictation, it was developed in a higher percentage in the third year. Finally, different approaches were found on the objective of the course, these being the most frequent: "Professional training for the development of an ethical practice"; "Understanding and application of bioethics" and "Professional Training with skills development from an ethical approach".
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Justificación: Se conocen muchos factores que influyen en el riesgo cardiovascular, sin embargo, hay otros cuya influencia no está tan bien delimitada. Objetivo: Conocer la influencia de diferentes factores de riesgo en las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 1.457 trabajadores de Mallorca. Para cada trabajador se elaboró una hoja de recogida de datos que incluía diferentes variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, analíticas y clínicas. Los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis bivariante y multivariante. Resultados: En general, los individuos con una alta adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y con altos niveles de actividad física presentaron los mejores valores en todas las variables analizadas relacionadas con el riesgo cardiovascular. Además, estos mismos individuos también presentaron una menor prevalencia de valores alterados de los parámetros estudiados. Ser menor de 50 años y ser mujer fue un factor protector para no presentar valores elevados en los parámetros asociados al riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: La dieta, la actividad física, la edad y el sexo tienen una influencia directa sobre las variables asociadas al riesgo cardiovascular. (AU)
Justification: Many factors that influence cardiovascular risk are known and there are others whose influence is not so well defined. Objective: To know the influence of different risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study in a sample of 1.457 workers from Mallorca. For each worker, a data collection sheet was prepared that included different sociodemographic, anthropometric, analytical and clinical variables. Data were analyzed using a bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In general, individuals with a alto adherence to a Mediterranean diet and with alto levels of physical activity presented the best values in all the analyzed variables related to cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, these same individuals also presented a lower prevalence of altered values of the parameters studied. Being under 50 years of age and being a woman was a protective factor against presenting alto values in parameters associated to cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: Diet, physical activity, age and sex have a direct influence on the variables associated to cardiovascular risk. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Habits , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Diet, Mediterranean , Motor Activity , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: Different studies have shown the importance of corporate reputation, corporate image and corporate identity and how they are present in the healthcare field. These studies show that these terms establish reputation as a socially constructed asset, which has been gaining relevance in organizations due to its increasing importance as a strategic resource. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of an instrument used to measure reputation in the banking field, in its Spanish version, adapted to the health sector, thus determining whether it is a reliable and valid instrument to be used in future research on samples of users in the health sector. Material and Methods: In a pilot phase, the survey was applied to 97 patients. Then, the restructured instrument was applied to a sample of 323 men and women who attended the Dental Clinic of the Andrés Bello University, Concepción (Chile). During the pilot phase and application of the instrument, two exploratory factor analyses, Bartlett's test, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient (KMO), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Varimax method with Kaiser normalization were applied. During the applicability analysis phase of the instrument, two confirmatory factor analyses were also applied for Relational Commitment (RC), Behavioral Intention (BI) and Relational Value (RV). Results: According to the results obtained, the instrument initially created by Khan, Kadir and Wahab for the banking area can be considered reliable and solid for estimating reputation in the health area. The adaptation made to the instrument is considered to exhibit appropriate psychometric properties consistent with the original instrument. Conclusions: Measuring relational value can go a long way in determining the future behavior of users who are accustomed to visiting an organization associated with the health sector. Key words:Reputation, healthcare services, healthcare marketing, reputational value, relational value.
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BACKGROUND: In orthodontic treatment, the combination of an activator with a headgear is commonly used in treatment of the hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion. However, the distribution of stresses transmitted to the maxilla by these appliances has been little studied. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical effects of stresses transmitted to the maxilla and teeth by a Teuscher activator (TA) for different lines of action of extraoral force, using finite element analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A tridimensional finite element model of the maxilla and teeth was created based on the true geometry of a human skull. The (TA) and the face bow were designed in 3D computer-aided design and fixed in the maxilla model. To study the effects of mechanical stress transmitted to the maxilla in the treatment of hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion with (TA) combined with extraoral forces, five different finite element models were used, considering the centers of resistance of the maxilla and dentition. RESULTS: The results showed that stresses increased progressively when the force line of action moved in posteroanterior direction. Von Mises equivalent stress was lower in Model 1 (0°) than in Model 5 (60°). In Models 1 (0°) and 2 (15°), molars suffered greater distal displacement and incisors showed extrusion. In Model 3 (30°), the force line of action promoted a distal displacement of molars and incisors. In Models 4 (45°) and 5 (60°), the whole maxillary anterior sector showed counterclockwise displacement. CONCLUSIONS: Different force lines of action influence the intensity and distribution of orthodontic and orthopedic forces in the maxilla. The extraoral force's line of action used in Model 3 (30°) is the most compatible with the objectives of the hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion treatment in growing patients. Key words:Class II, Headgear, Early treatment, FEA.
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BACKGROUND: In recent times the deontology of the dental profession has acquired special relevance as a result of problems that dentists have had to face to resolve ethical conflicts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information on deontology in the dental profession has been compiled in publications of health sciences in general and specific codes for dentistry, while expressing opinions about the experience of the authors themselves who, from a humanistic and health overview are concentrated in the dental area. RESULTS: This article presents our point of view of how the dentist-patient relationship should be in the face of current demands from patients and society, with a focus on the crucial role of ethical issues not only in undergraduate studies but also in the consideration of ethical questions in the specialization and in the usual practice. The dental profession has a special trust in the community, and the best dentist-patient relationship should be based on that trust, honesty, providing high-quality and appropriate treatment, and keeping the patient safe and healthy. CONCLUSIONS: The patient has the right to be fully and adequately informed, as well as to participate in decisions about treatment. The dentist has a duty to put the patient first and treat her with her wishes in mind as long as these expectations are within the limits of accepted treatment. The dentist must provide dental care without discrimination or prejudice. Key words:Preemptive analgesia, dental extraction, cyclooxygenases, real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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Maintaining good oral hygiene in patients wearing fixed appliances is a challenge for orthodontics. Conventional education has been demonstrated to be insufficient for the promotion of good oral habits, while motivational interviewing has the potential to facilitate health behavior change. The present randomized controlled trial with 130 patients aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single session of motivational interviewing in enhancing oral hygiene in orthodontic patients compared with conventional education alone. Results revealed an immediate improvement in oral hygiene which remained stable throughout the 6-month follow-up.
Subject(s)
Motivational Interviewing , Oral Hygiene , Health Behavior , HumansABSTRACT
AIM: To assess the efficacy of treatment using a minimally invasive approach (selective removal of carious tissue, restoration and preventive strategies) in immature permanent molars with MIH. DESIGN: A total of 281 patients, aged 6-8 years, with carious lesions (ICDAS 5-6), severe MIH, and incomplete root formation (one tooth/patient) were included. After clinical and radiographic examinations, selective carious tissue removal was performed, and the teeth received interim restoration for 6 months and were then restored with composite resin. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was undertaken, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A protocol of preventive oral care measures was established and repeated at each follow-up, including diet counselling, oral hygiene instruction, dental plaque control, and topical application of fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP. All clinical procedures and evaluations were done by a single operator. RESULTS: Clinical and radiographic success was observed 24 months after treatment in 96.8% of the cases. Failures were due to enamel fracture at restoration margins, resulting in pulpitis and absence of apex closure. CONCLUSION: Selective removal of carious tissue, interim, and subsequently definitive restoration, combined with home and professional preventive measures, maintained marginal integrity of restorations in immature permanent molars with severe MIH, confirmed by pulp vitality and occurrence of apexogenesis.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Child , Composite Resins , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , MolarABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of non-nutritive sucking habits (pacifier and digital sucking) in the prevalence of molar Class in mixed dentition. The aim of this study was determinate the relation between non-nutritive sucking habits, and Angle´s molar Class, in the horizontal plane, and it´s relation with gender. A convenience sample of 326 children with ages between 6 and 12 years was selected from three schools of Oporto. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To collect the epidemiologic data, was used a method recommended by the WHO. An indirect questionnaire about the medical history, dental habits, was used. It was adapted from Sanchez-Molins and validated by Clinical Dental III of Integrated Dental University Institute Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal. RESULTS: In this study, 326 infants were examined in order to determine the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits. Only 45 observed children did not mentioned any kind of non-nutritive sucking habit; the remaining 281 children mentioned at least one potential bad habit. Children with non-nutritive sucking habits show a higher molar Class II percentage in females, while molar Class III is more frequent among males compared with children with no sucking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Children with non-nutritive sucking habits, presented a higher-Class II prevalence with statistically significance. It was detected a direct relationship between Angle´s molar Class and gender. Key words:Finger sucking, pacifier sucking, Angle Class malocclusion.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the association between feeding habits, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusions in deciduous dentition. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational survey was carried out in 275 children aged 3 to 6 years and included clinical evaluations of malocclusions and structured interviews. Statistical significance for the association between feeding habits and the development of malocclusion was determined using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. In addition, odds ratio (OR) calculations were used for intergroup comparisons. Controlling for confounders was adjusted by excluding children with non-nutritive sucking habits. RESULTS: The results indicated that there were no significant relationships between exclusive breastfeeding or bottlefeeding and the presence of any type of malocclusion (p > 0.05). There was also no significant association between breastfeeding or bottlefeeding duration and malocclusion (p > 0.05). In addition, it was observed that exclusive breastfeeding had a protective effect and diminished the risk of acquiring non-nutritive sucking habits (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between feeding habits and malocclusions in the deciduous dentition in this sample of children. Exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of acquiring non-nutritive sucking habits.
Subject(s)
Feeding Methods , Malocclusion/diagnosis , Sucking Behavior/physiology , Tooth, Deciduous , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Fingersucking , Humans , Male , Malocclusion, Angle Class I/diagnosis , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnosis , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnosis , Open Bite/diagnosis , Overbite/diagnosis , PacifiersABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This review attempts to organize the existing published literature regarding tooth movement in orthodontic treatment when low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is applied. BACKGROUND DATA: The literature discusses different methods that have been developed to motivate the remodeling and decrease the duration of orthodontic treatment. The application of LLLT has been introduced to favor the biomechanics of tooth movements. However there is disagreement between authors as to whether LLLT reduces orthodontic treatment time, and the parameters that are used vary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies in humans and animals in which LLLT was applied to increase the dental movement were reviewed. Three reviewers selected the articles. The resulting studies were analyzed according to the parameters used in the application of laser and existing changes clinically and histopathologically. RESULTS: Out of 84 studies, 5 human studies were selected in which canine traction had been performed after removing a premolar, and 11 studies in rats were selected in which first premolar traction was realized. There were statistically significant changes in four human studies and eight animal studies. CONCLUSIONS: Varying the wavelength with a reasonable dose in the target zone leads to obtaining the desired biological effect and achieving a reduction of the orthodontic treatment time, although there are studies that do not demonstrate any benefit according to their values.
Subject(s)
Low-Level Light Therapy , Orthodontics/methods , Tooth Movement Techniques , Animals , Humans , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , RatsABSTRACT
We describe a female patient with a midline syndrome. The patient presents agenesis of the corpus callosum, encephalocele, iris coloboma, hypertelorism, submucosal cleft palate and dental anomalies. Despite being very characteristic, her phenotypical traits do not coincide exactly with those reported to date in the literature. The karyotype and the molecular cytogenetic study do not show mutations. We identify the presence of dental anomalies in the mother and other family members, not being identified MSX1 and PAX9 mutations that could the related with their etiology. Despite the fact that dental agenesis has been related to a large number of other malformation syndromes and congenital conditions, dental anomalies have only rarely been mentioned when reporting midline syndromes. These dental phenotypical traits, present in the patient and her family, could be considered part of the midline syndrome in carriers as well as in the patients.
Subject(s)
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum , Cleft Palate , Coloboma , Encephalocele , Hypertelorism , Iris/abnormalities , Tooth Abnormalities , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Child , Cleft Palate/diagnosis , Coloboma/diagnosis , Encephalocele/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Hypertelorism/diagnosis , Phenotype , Syndrome , Tooth Abnormalities/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of dental agenesis and its possible association with other developmental dental anomalies and systemic entities. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Descriptive transversal study, for which 1518 clinical records, of patients visited by the Odontological Service of the Primary Health Centre of Cassà de la Selva (Girona-Spain) between December 2002 and February 2006 were reviewed. The data were recorded in relation to the oral and dental anomalies and the associated systemic entities, between the ones referred as concomitant in literature. RESULTS: Values of 9.48% (7.25% excluding the third molars) for dental agenesis and 0.39% for oligodontia were obtained. The presence of dental agenesis concomitant with some other forms of oral and dental anomalies was observed. Attention must be drawn to the fact that a greater number of concomitant systemic entities were observed in those patients that presented a severe phenotypical pattern of dental agenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study do not differ from the ones reported in studies of similar characteristics among Occidental and Spanish populations. The relationship observed between certain systemic entities and developmental dental anomalies suggest a possible common genetic etiology.
